摘要
液压元件及系统广泛应用于运载设备、重载机器人和飞行器等移动装备。出力大、功重比高是液压传动区别于其他传动最明显的优势之一。液压缸作为液压系统最主要的执行元件,现有技术的液压缸重量大,严重制约主机性能提升,其科学减重可进一步提升功重比,对实现装备的节能减排,提高承载能力、机动性能和续航能力具有突出意义。通过深入剖析轻量化复合材料液压缸的迫切需求、轻量化途径、轻质材料选择、研究现状与市场现状,对轻量化复合材料液压缸的发展进行综述。强度-密度比极高的纤维增强聚合物复合材料(Fiber reinforced polymer,FRP),是高压轻量化液压缸的优选材料,减重潜力巨大。结合应用FRP制造轻量化液压缸的约束条件,重点阐述各向异性FRP的设计参数影响规律、异质材料复合结构设计、异质材料复合结构控形控性制造、密封-摩擦副、性能表征等5个挑战。论述面向轻量化、耐高压、低泄漏、低摩擦、耐疲劳等特征的液压缸的主要挑战和发展趋势。
Hydraulic components and systems are widely used in mobile equipment such as construction machinery,heavy-duty robots and aircraft.Large output payload and high power to weight ratio is one of the most obvious advantages of hydraulic transmission different from other transmissions.Hydraulic cylinder is the most important actuator of the hydraulic system.The weight of the hydraulic cylinder in the prior art is large,which seriously restricts the host performance improvement.The scientific weight reduction of the hydraulic cylinder can further improve the power to weight ratio,which is of great significance to realize the energy saving and emission reduction,and improve the bearing capacity,mobility and endurance of the equipment.The development of lightweight composite hydraulic cylinder is reviewed by summarizing the urgent demand,lightweight approach,lightweight material selection,research status and market status of lightweight composite hydraulic cylinder.Fiber reinforced polymer(FRP),which has a very high strength to density ratio,is the preferred material for high pressure lightweight hydraulic cylinders with great potential for weight reduction.Combined with the constraint conditions of manufacturing lightweight hydraulic cylinder with FRP,the influence law of FRP design parameters,design of heterogeneous material composite structure design,shape-control manufacturing of heterogeneous material composite structure,seal-friction pair and performance characterization of FRP hydraulic cylinder are analyzed respectively.The main challenges and development trend of the hydraulic cylinder with the characteristics of light weight,high pressure resistance,low leakage,low friction and fatigue resistance are discussed.
作者
尚耀星
李瑶
于天
姜超凡
王业硕
杨光
孔祥东
焦宗夏
SHANG Yaoxing;LI Yao;YU Tian;JIANG Chaofan;WANG Yeshuo;YANG Guang;KONG Xiangdong;JIAO Zongxia(School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191;Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory,Beihang University,Beijing 100191;Research Institute for Frontier Science,Beihang University,Beijing 100191;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191;School of Mechanical Engineering,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004;Ningbo Institute of Technology,Beihang University,Ningbo 315800)
出处
《机械工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第24期13-38,共26页
Journal of Mechanical Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFB2000702)
关键词
液压
液压缸
复合材料
轻量化
碳纤维
hydraulic
hydraulic cylinder
FRP composite
lightweight
carbon fiber
