摘要
2019年5月《巴塞尔公约》缔约国以协商一致的方式通过了《巴塞尔公约》修正案,标志着全球共同规制塑料废物贸易的决心和努力。该修正案将有助于更好地规范国际废物贸易并改善全球塑料废物的流通。修正案关于对塑料废物出口必须事先获得进口国的书面同意的规定将有助于增强全球塑料废物贸易管理和规制的透明度,并赋予发展中国家拒绝塑料废物进口的权利。此外,修正案还将有效倒逼并拉动塑料加工产业减少与限制塑料制品的出口和运输,促进循环经济发展。然而,《巴塞尔公约》及其修正案在规制全球废物贸易及跨境转移方面还存在一定的局限性。其规制标准的明确性以及执法的有效性等问题均使《巴塞尔公约》及其修正案在何种程度上减少或禁止塑料废物跨境转移的实际效果存疑。国际社会需要针对修正案制定国内配套实施措施,并通过提升各国对塑料垃圾分类及回收能力以从根本上解决全球塑料废物跨境转移危机。
The Parties to the Basel Convention adopted the amendment to the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal(Amendment to the Basel Convention)in May 2019,which marks the international community’s joint determination and efforts to govern the trade regulations of plastic waste.The amendment would better regulate the international waste plastic trade,and help developing countries to enhance the rights of preventing the import of plastic waste.The amendment,which requires the prior written consent of importing countries for the export of plastic waste,would help increase transparency in the management and regulation of the global plastic waste trade and empower developing countries the right to reject imports of plastic waste.In addition,the amendment may also effectively force and stimulate the development of the domestic plastic waste processing,recycling and utilization industry of state parties.However,the Basel Convention and its amendment still have certain limitations in regulating global waste trade and cross-border transfers.The unclarity of monitoring standards and the non-effectiveness of law enforcement may result in the uncertainty regarding to what extent the Basel Convention and its amendment would contribute to the regulation of cross-border movement of plastic waste.The international community needs to enhance the capability to recycle and plastic waste so as to fundamentally solve the crisis of plastic waste cross-border transfer.
出处
《经贸法律评论》
2020年第2期47-59,共13页
Business and Economic Law Review
关键词
《巴塞尔公约》修正案
废塑料跨境转移
塑料废物国际规制
“洋垃圾”禁令
Amendment to the Basel Convention
Cross-border Transfer on Plastic Waste
International Regulation on Plastic Waste
"Foreign Waste"Ban
