摘要
国内外学术界所关注的18世纪中西经济大分流的重要根源之一,在于此前发生的中西金融大分流。13世纪,当面临相同的财政压力时,无论是南宋政府超发的"会子",还是威尼斯政府发行的债券,理论上都是国家向社会发行的信用凭证,本质上均是国家信用的资本化。以国家信用的逻辑而言,南宋纸币体系极易崩溃的根源是国家信用不足,而威尼斯公债体制的稳定运行得益于国家信用之完善。两者之间国家信用的差异更是影响了后来的中西金融大分流,其主要的历史表现就是,英国在国家信用确立并强化的同时率先完成了金融革命,而明清时期的中国在国家信用依然严重不足的情况下注定无法内生出金融革命。由此可见,公债体制或纸币体系只是通往金融革命的不同路径,根本驱动国家实现金融革命与崛起的是保障公债体制或纸币体系稳定运行的国家信用。这一点,对于今天中国经济的发展启示重大。
A problem being concerned by academia at home and abroad is traced back to the great divergence of Chinese and Western economies in the 18 th century due to the great divergence of Chinese and Western finances that occurred previously.In the 13 th century,under the same fiscal pressure,both the Huizi issued by the Southern Song government and the bonds issued by the Venice government are theoretically credit certificates issued by their states to the society and essentially the capitalization of state credit.According to the logic of national credit,the root cause of the easy collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty paper currency system is the lack of national credit,while the stable operation of the Venice bond system benefits from the perfection of national credit.The difference in national credit between the two affected the subsequent great diversion of Chinese and Western finance.The influence is demonstrated in the historical fact that Britain took the lead in completing the financial revolution while establishing and strengthening national credit,but while China in the Ming and Qing dynasties was destined to be unable to produce a financial revolution endogenously when its national credit was still severely insufficient.It can be seen that the public debt system or the paper currency system is only a different path to the financial revolution.The fundamental driving force for the country to realize the financial revolution and rise is to ensure the national credit for the stable operation of the public debt system or paper currency system.This is a great inspiration to the development of China’s economy today.
作者
李晓
李黎明
LI Xiao;LI Li-ming
出处
《吉林大学社会科学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期95-105,236-237,共13页
Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition
关键词
国家信用
金融大分流
南宋
威尼斯
公债体制
纸币体系
金融革命
national credit
financial diversion
the Southern Song Dynasty
Venice
public debt system
paper currency system
financial revolution
