摘要
为适应社会主要矛盾的变化,中国把促进全体人民共同富裕摆在了更加重要的位置,为效率和公平的关系确立了新的科学定位,而中国产业结构转型升级过程也将深刻改变这一关系。本文研究了产业结构调整对生产要素收入分配格局的影响,为中国优化产业结构与促进共同富裕、实现效率和公平的双重目标提供参考。本文发现“工业比重下降扩大了收入差距”的跨国特征事实,并为理解这一现象提供了理论机制和经验证据。本文论证了工业比重下降既是非技能密集型工业收缩、技能密集型服务业扩张的过程,也是劳动密集型工业收缩、资本密集型服务业扩张的过程,这一过程改变了生产要素需求结构,同时扩大了技能溢价和资本收入份额,由此恶化了要素收入分配格局,加深了结构性就业矛盾。本文认为中国加强前瞻性思考和全局性谋划,在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程中以更大力度优化和调整产业结构,实现产业结构升级和分配结构改善的良性互动,走出不同于发达国家去工业化的高质量发展道路。
To adapt to the change in the principal contradiction in society,China has placed greater importance on promoting common prosperity for all its people and defined a new scientific orientation for the relationship between efficiency and equity.The transformation and upgrading of China’s industrial structure will also profoundly change this relationship.Over the past four decades,the world’s major economies have generally experienced a process of deindustrialization and widening income gap,but the relationship between this two still needs to be explored in depth.This paper studies the impact of structural restructuring on the pattern of the income distribution of production factors and provides reference for China to optimize its industrial structure and promote the dual goals of common prosperity,efficiency,and fairness.This paper first establishes a multi-sector general equilibrium model and proposes the theoretical mechanism that deindustrialization affects the demand structure of production factors and industrial structure and thus changes the theoretical mechanism for income gap.Based on the cross-country panel data,this paper further discovers the transnational characteristics that deindustrialization has widened income gap and provides detailed empirical evidence and mechanism tests for understanding this phenomenon.This paper argues that deindustrialization is not only a process of contraction of unskilled intensive industries and expansion of skilled intensive service industries but also a contraction of labor-intensive industries and expansion of capital-intensive services.This process has changed the demand structure of production factors and expanded the skill premium and capital income share,thus worsening the distribution pattern of factor income and deepening the structural employment contradiction.The innovation of this paper is to develop the relationship between structural transformation and income distribution from the perspective of deindustrialization.This paper directly focuses on the important impact of changes in the internal structure of industry and service industry on the structure of factor demand in industrial restructuring.It shows the facts of the decline of unskilled-intensive and labor-intensive industries through detailed data,which is less concerned in existing literature and reflects the marginal contribution of this paper.This paper recommends that China strengthen forward-looking thinking and overall planning to optimize and adjust the industrial structure with greater efforts in the new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects,so as to realize the benign interaction between industrial structure upgrading and distribution structure improvement,and embark on a high-quality development path different from that of developed countries.First,China needs to stabilize the proportion of the industry,especially manufacturing,and prevent premature deindustrialization.The current industrial upgrading has improved the internal structure of the industrial and service sectors,but China should pay attention to the negative impact caused by this adjustment to achieve a new level of high-quality economic development.Second,China should deepen the labor market reform to alleviate the structural employment contradictions caused by the industrial restructuring.It needs to promote the free flow of labor factors among regions,departments,and markets,constantly improve the quality of employment,and achieve full employment in the labor market.Third,China should increase human capital investment and optimize labor supply structure.It needs to increase the investment in education,strengthen the training of low-skilled labor force,and effectively improve the supply of high-skilled labor force,so as to narrow the income gap.Fourth,China should ensure the livelihood of low-and middle-income people and effectively narrow the gap between consumption and welfare.It needs to pay attention to employment and livelihood security for low-and middle-income people in the industrial restructuring,to steadily increase their real purchasing power of income,and narrow the welfare gap.
作者
林淑君
郭凯明
龚六堂
LIN Shujun;GUO Kaiming;GONG Liutang(Institute for Global Health and Development,Peking University;Lingnan College,Sun Yat⁃sen University;Beijing Technology and Business University;Guanghua School of Management,Peking University)
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第7期84-100,共17页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA069)
国家自然科学基金项目(71973156)的资助
关键词
产业结构转型
要素收入分配
收入差距
共同富裕
Structural Transformation
Factor Income Distribution
Income Gap
Common Prosperity
