摘要
随着中国的贸易自由化水平逐渐提高,贸易自由化引致的进口竞争成为影响企业退出和进入以及全要素生产率的重要因素。文章使用中国制造业企业数据,首先,使用二元选择模型分析了进口竞争对企业退出和进入的影响,发现进口竞争较大程度促进了低生产率企业和小规模企业的退出,而没有显著地影响企业进入;其次,考察了进口竞争和企业更替对存活企业生产率的影响,结果显示进口竞争和企业更替均显著提高了存活企业生产率;最后,基于对总量生产率变化的DOP分解,分析了进口竞争对行业总量生产率增长的影响,结果表明进口竞争通过引致企业退出显著促进了总量生产率增长。文章认为,无论从微观还是总量层面看进口竞争对淘汰低效率企业和促进总量生产率增长具有重要的现实意义。
With the higher level of China’s trade liberalization,import competition induced by trade liberalization becomes an important force affecting firm’s exit and entry,and in turn total factor productivity.Using firm-level data from Chinese manufacturing sectors,we firstly analyze the effect of import competition on the exit and entry of firm and finds that import competition is more likely to increase the exit of firms that have lower productivity and smaller size,but doesn’t significantly affects the entry of firm.Secondly,we examine the effects of import competition and firm turnover on the productivity of surviving firms,we find that both import competition and firm turnover significantly increase the productivity of surviving firms.Finally,based on DOP productivity decomposition to break down aggregate increases in productivity,we also examine the industry-level effects of import competition on aggregate productivity changes.We provide the evidence that import competition significantly contributes to aggregate productivity growth due to the exit of unproductive firms.The conclusions of this paper suggest that,from both micro and macro perspective,increased import competition has an important realistic significance for eliminating the least efficient firms and increasing aggregate productivity growth.
出处
《世界经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期19-32,135,共15页
World Economy Studies
基金
山东省自然科学基金项目“进口自由化对中国制造业技术赶超影响的实证研究”(项目编号:ZR2019QG012)
济南大学博士基金项目“技术差距视角下外资对中国制造业企业生产率的影响研究”(项目编号:B1826)
国家社会科学基金重大项目“新旧动能转换机制设计及路径选择研究”(项目编号:18ZDA078)的资助.
