摘要
"展开"和"开展"作为一对同素逆序词,在现代汉语中的差异主要在于"展开"的语义关涉对象范围较大,构成从表征实物的名词扩展到双音节及物动词的连续统,呈现出明显的向典型形式动词虚化的趋势;"开展"则是普通动词,语义关涉对象范围相对较小。当二者带相同的动词做宾语时,"开展"对动作主体及对象有语义限制条件,"开展+V"所表征的活动规模一般较大,持续时间较长;"展开+V"所表征的活动规模可大可小,持续时间可长可短。从历时演变来看,"开"和"展"本来都是单独做动词,组合成为"展开"和"开展"之后存在一段混用时期,之后出现分化。
"Zhǎn!āi(展开)"and"!āizhǎn(开展)"have the same morphemes but a reverse order.The main difference between them is"zhǎn!āi(展开)"collocates with more types of objects,including nouns and transitive verbs."zhǎn!āi(展开)"is evolving to a dummy verb,while"!āizhǎn(开展)"is a regular verb.Both"zhǎn!āi(展开)"and"!āizhǎn(开展)"can be followed by verbal objects.The agent of"!āizhǎn(开展)+V"is always an institution or a representative of it,who possesses authority to organize an activity,which is generally large-scale and lasts for a long time.So"!āizhǎn(开展)+V"has more semantic restrictions than"zhǎn!āi(展开)+V".Both"kāi(开)"and"zhǎn(展)"can be used alone.When the two were first combined,"zhǎn!āi(展开)"and"!āizhǎn(开展)"referred to the same acts in the first instance,and then they evolved in different directions.
作者
匡鹏飞
高逢亮
Kuang Pengfei;Gao Fengliang
出处
《汉语学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第1期43-50,共8页
Chinese Linguistics
基金
教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“汉语词汇和语法关联互动的理论探讨与专题研究”(编号:14JJD740006)
湖北省社会科学基金一般项目(后期资助项目)“现代汉语形式动词的原型范畴及演变机制研究”(编号:2018104)资助.
关键词
展开
开展
形式动词
词汇化
zhǎnkāi(展开)
kāizhǎn(开展)
dummy verb
lexicalization
