摘要
《四聲聯珠》(1886)是日本明治時期編著的漢語教科書,保留了清末北京話和旗人漢語的真實樣貌。通過考察清代中前期滿漢合璧文獻可知,滿語干擾特徵是滿漢語言接觸的產物與表徵,包括與滿語後置詞和格尾相關、與句末語助詞相關,以及與詞彙和語序相關等十餘種。《四聲聯珠》所記錄的清末北京話口語中,多數滿語干擾特徵使用頻率顯著降低甚至消失,但少數滿語干擾特徵不但存留甚至出現回流趨勢。這在整體上符合清代中後期滿語逐漸走向衰落的情況;特殊的滿語干擾特徵遺留現象反映了清末旗人漢語的傳承語特徵。
Through the study of Manchu and Chinese literature in the middle and early Qing Dynasty,it can be seen that Manchu interference features are the product and reflection of Manchu-Chinese language contact.This paper examines in detail more than ten kinds of Manchu interference features including Manchu postposition and case endings,final modal particles,vocabulary and word order in Sisheng Lianzhu which records Beijing dialect in the late Qing Dynasty.On the whole,most of the Manchu interference features have been significantly reduced or even abandoned,while a few Manchu interference features not only remain but also show a trend of reflux.This is in line with the gradual decline of Manchu language as well as the integration of Manchu and Chinese in the middle and late Qing Dynasty.Furthermore,the special phenomenon demonstrates the characteristics of heritage language in Chinese used by bannermen in the late Qing Dynasty.
作者
王繼紅
全文靈
奎雨含
Wang Jihong;Quan Wenling;Kui Yuhan
出处
《汉语史研究集刊》
2021年第1期17-32,共16页
Studies on the History of Chinese Language
基金
中央高校基本科研業務費專項資金資助項目“從話語互動看威妥瑪北京話系列教科書(1860—1903)的互文性特徵”(2020JX036)
关键词
《四聲聯珠》
滿語干擾特徵
清代北京話
旗人漢語
傳承語
Sisheng Lianzhu
Manchu interference features
Beijing dialect in Qing Dynasty
heritage language
