摘要
《民法典担保制度司法解释》第43条赋予了限制抵押财产转让约定登记能力,并分别规定了已登记和未登记限制抵押财产转让约定的法律效力。从经济分析视角出发,这一规则设计可能导致制度成本增加、总收益降低,消解了《民法典》对抵押财产转让规则变革的意义。但在司法解释已经如此规定的情况下,应从法教义学立场予以协调,通过限缩解释的方式维护《民法典》变革抵押财产转让制度的初衷。未登记的限制抵押财产转让约定仅有合同效力,《民法典担保制度司法解释》第43条第1款的“但书规则”并不具有充分的合理性,应严格限制其适用范围,即当抵押财产已经登记后,仅在买受人知道限制抵押财产转让约定以及转让可能损害抵押权时,方可否认转让的物权效力;该条第2款规定的已登记限制抵押财产转让约定的效力不同于预告登记的效力,登记机关应为抵押财产买受人办理登记,“转让不发生物权效力”应排除普通动产抵押的情形,并且仅对抵押权人具有相对效力。
Article 43 of the Judicial Interpretation of the Security System in the Civil Code grants the ability to register agreements restricting the transfer of mortgaged property and stipulates the legal effects of registered and unregistered restrictive agreements.From the perspective of economic analysis,this rule design may lead to increased institutional costs and reduced overall benefits,undermining the significance of the reforms to the rules on the transfer of mortgaged property in the Civil Code.However,given that the judicial interpretation has already made such provisions,it should be reconciled from the standpoint of legal dogmatics by maintaining the original intention of the Civil Code's reform of the system for transferring mortgaged property through restrictive interpretation.Unregistered restrictive transfer agreements only have contractual effect.The proviso rule in Article 43,Paragraph 1 of the Judicial Interpretation of the Security System in the Civil Code lacks sufficient reasonableness,and its scope of application should be strictly limited.That is,when the transferred mortgaged property has been registered,only when the transferee knows of the restrictive transfer agreement and the transfer may harm the mortgage rights can its property effect be denied.The effect of the registered restrictive transfer agreement stipulated in Paragraph 2 of the article differs from the effect of advance notice registration.The registration authority should process the registration of changes in property rights for the transferee of the mortgaged property.“the transfer produces no effect of real right”should exclude the situation of ordinary chattel mortgage and only only has relative effect on the mortgagee.
作者
辜明安
李欢欢
GU Ming-an;LI Huan-huan(School of Law,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130;School of Law,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030000,China)
出处
《河北法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第7期89-108,共20页
Hebei Law Science
基金
2021年度四川省社会科学规划项目“民法典动产担保功能主义立法及体系化研究”(SC21FZ015)
关键词
抵押财产转让
限制抵押财产转让约定
已登记限制抵押财产转让约定
未登记限制抵押财产转让约定
追及效力
transfer of mortgaged property
agreement on restriction of transfer
agreement on registered restrictions on the transfer of mortgaged property
agreement on unregistered restrictions on the transfer of mortgaged property
tracing effect
