摘要
在危害公共卫生犯罪中设置危险犯是实现早期预防的需要。我国《刑法》中的"危害公共卫生罪"采取了三种危险犯设置形式,即抽象危险犯、准抽象危险犯与具体危险犯。其中,抽象危险犯和准抽象危险犯的设置形式有利于实现早期预防效果,但部分犯罪存在法定刑幅度偏高和入罪标准模糊的问题;而具体危险犯的设置则不仅在预防功能上明显滞后,还同时存在罪过形式含混、法定刑配置失衡等问题。因此,需要对其进行全面的完善。首先,应适当降低非法组织卖血罪和强迫卖血罪的法定刑,并将其划分为基本犯和加重犯两个刑罚幅度;其次,将非法行医罪和非法进行节育手术罪的入罪标准规定为"危及就诊人身体健康的";最后,对于妨害传染病防治罪等具体危险犯,应分别设置对应的故意犯罪和过失犯罪,前者设置为准抽象危险犯,后者不予设置危险犯。
Setting up potential damage offense in the crimes of endangering public health is the need to achieve early prevention. The crimes of endangering public health in criminal law have three kinds of potential damage offense setting forms,namely abstract potential damage offense, quasi-abstract potential damage offense and concrete potential damage offense. Among these setting forms,the abstract potential damage offenses and quasi-abstract potential damage offense are good for early prevention,but some crimes have the problems of high legal penalty and vague admission criteria;while the concrete potential damage offenses not only lag behind the prevention function,but also have the problems of mixed forms of guilt and imbalance of legal penalty allocation. Therefore,it needs to be fully improved. First of all,the legal penalty for the crimes of illegally organizing and compelling others to sell blood should be appropriately reduced and divided into two ranges of basic and aggravated offences. Secondly,the admission criteria of the crimes of illegal medical practice and illegal birth control surgery should be defined as "endangering the health of the patient". Finally,on the concrete potential damage offenses such as the crime of interfering prevention and treatment of infectious disease,the intentional crime and negligent crime should be set up separately,and the former should be set up as quasi-abstract potential damage offense,while the latter should not be set up as a potential damage offense.
作者
敦宁
DUN Ning(School of Law,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)
出处
《河北法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第7期41-57,共17页
Hebei Law Science
基金
国家社科基金项目“预防型犯罪的法治体系构造研究”(19BFX068)
河北省教育厅人文社科研究重大攻关项目“基于良法善治的医疗卫生犯罪治理体系建构研究”(ZD202001)
关键词
公共卫生
抽象危险犯
准抽象危险犯
具体危险犯
设置形式
public health
abstract potential damage offense
quasi-abstract potential damage offense
concrete potential damage offense
forms of setting
