摘要
在突发性公共卫生事件中,疫情防控秩序成为一种需要刑法保护的新兴法益。该法益是一个综合体系,包括医护人员保护、医疗物资保障、人员流动控制和检测秩序维护等多方面内容。涉疫犯罪种类众多,若相关罪名保护的法益本身包含了疫情防控秩序这一公共卫生法益,则只需正常适用刑法规范即可。若所涉罪名没有覆盖该法益,则应根据具体行为侵害或者保护该法益的不同,分别依法从严、从宽处理。借助疫情情势的犯罪和扰乱防疫空间的犯罪因疫情的存在显著提升了侵害原旨法益的风险,溢出地侵害了疫情防控秩序,应当从严从重处罚。"逃疫"行为能够适用紧急避险制度阻却刑事违法,但"逃疫人"须采取必要防护措施;危害公共安全的断路封村"阻疫"行为构成破坏交通设施罪,但出于防疫的犯罪动机应当从轻处罚。
In public health emergencies,the order of epidemic prevention and control has become a new type of legal interest that requires criminal law protection.It is a comprehensive system,including protection of medical personnel,guarantee of medical supplies,control of peopled movement and maintenance of detection order.There are many types of epidemic-related crimes.If the legal interests protected by the relevant offences cover the emerging legal interests,it is sufficient to apply the criminal law norms normally.If the offences involved do not cover that legal interest,behaviors-related shall be dealt with strictly or leniently according to whether they violated or protected the emerging legal interests.Crimes that take advantage of the epidemic situation and crimes that disturb the epidemic prevention space significantly increase the risk of infringing on the original legal interest and increase the obstacles to the order of epidemic prevention and control.Therefore,severe punishment should be imposed."Fleeing epidemic"behavior can apply the emergency avoidance system to prevent criminal violations,but"escape victims"must take necessary protective measures;the"epidemic prevention"of destroying the road that endangers public safety constitutes the crime of damaging transportation facilities,but it should be punished lightly because of its criminal motivation for epidemic prevention.
出处
《刑法论丛》
2020年第4期1-21,共21页
Criminal Law Review
关键词
新冠肺炎
涉疫犯罪
宽严相济
疫情防控秩序
"COVID-19"
Epidemic-related Crimes
Leniency and Strictness
Order of Epidemic Prevention and Control
