摘要
在救援者案(或称救助者案,营救者案)中,第一行为人基于故意或者过失创设了风险(危险状况),救援者为了控制风险或者救助面临风险的法益而自陷风险,最终导致自身法益遭受侵害。救援者明知存在危险而实施自我危险的行为,从被害人自我答责原则的角度看应当自负其责而排除第一行为人的责任。这一结论支持者较少,且实质上不妥当。现有观点主要从任意性、类比紧急避险等各种角度论证救援者案的特殊性,试图将其设定为被害人自我答责原则的例外情况。然而,上述特殊性并不足以奠定确定刑法归责的基础。要妥当处理救援者案的刑法归责问题,应当首先反思被害人自我答责原则,从行为说的角度重新理解被害人自陷风险。只有在救援者(被害人)同意行为人实施危险行为的情况下,才能排除第一行为人的责任。
In the rescuer case,the perpatrator created a risk(dangerous situation)based on intention or negligence.The rescuer took risks in order to control the risk or rescue the legal interests facing the risk,which eventually led to the infringement of his own legal interests.If the rescuer is aware of the danger and goes into danger voluntarily,from the perspective of the principle of self-responsibility,he should be responsible for his own behavior.This conclusion has few supporters and is essentially inappropriate.The existing views mainly demonstrate the particularity of the rescuer case from various angles,such as arbitrariness,analogy and emergency avoidance,and try to set it as an exception to the principle of self-responsibility.However,the above particularity is not enough to lay the foundation for determining the imputation of criminal law.To properly deal with the criminal liability of rescuers,we should first reflect on the principle of self-responsibility and re-understand the victim’s assumption of risk from the perspective of behavior theory.Only when the rescuer(victim)agrees to the perpetrator’s dangerous behavior can the responsibility of the first perpetrator be excluded.
出处
《荆楚法学》
2022年第5期147-160,共14页
Jingchu Law Review
基金
国家社科基金优秀博士论文项目“被害人自陷风险研究——同意论行为说的证立、展开和适用”(项目编号:21FYB028)的阶段性成果
关键词
救援者案
被害人自陷风险
被害人自我答责原则
自我决定
Rescuer Case
Victim’s Assumption of Risk
Principle of Self-responsibility
Self-determination
