摘要
救援者损害,即救援者对前行为人所致危险进行救援时遭受的损害。对救援者损害进行客观归责应当以法秩序为根据,构建救援者损害客观归责的教义学规则体系。首先,救援者损害的客观归责,以“管控领域”的确定为一般规则。先明确救援者损害属于谁的“管控领域”,再确定谁可以对行为或事件“负责”。“管控领域”的具体确定,取决于法定性和规范性两个判断原则。其次,“管控领域”之内的客观归责,应当排除主观要素,并进行内部责任的分配。最后,“管控领域”之外的救援者归责,应当根据自我答责原理确定。但是,当救援者存在认知欠缺和意志欠缺情形,以至于无法形成自主决定时,就不应对救援者适用自我答责原理,而应将救援者损害结果归属于危险创设人。
Rescuer damage is the damage suffered by the rescuer while rescuing a danger caused by the former actor.Objective imputation for the damage to the rescuers should construct the dogmatic rules based on the legal order.Firstly,the objective imputation for the damage to the rescuer is based on the general rule of the area of control.To make it clear whose“area of control”the rescuer’s damage belongs to,then make sure who can be held“responsible”for the act or event.The specific determination of the“area of control”depends on two principles of judgment:legality and normativeness.Secondly,the objective imputation within the“area of control”should exclude subjective elements and allocate internal responsibility.Finally,the imputation of the rescuer outside the“area of control”should be based on the principle of self-accountability.However,if the rescuer is unable to make an autonomous decision due to a cognitive or volitional deficiency,the creator of the hazard should hold the responsible for the damage.
出处
《法商研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期115-129,共15页
Studies in Law and Business
关键词
救援者损害
管控领域
自我答责
认知欠缺
意志欠缺
damage to rescuer
area of control
self-accountability
cognitive deficiency
volitional deficiency
