摘要
作为2021年《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的解释》创设出的一条全新的裁判规则,“根据在案证据裁判规则”一方面承载着消解证据裁判原则过度客观化等功能,另一方面则承载着如何有效识别在案证据不足,如何理顺补充侦查、庭外调查核实、撤回公诉与疑罪从无等多重疑案处理方式之逻辑关系功能。为有效激活“根据在案证据裁判规则”的司法适用,刑事立法与刑事司法当以恢复人民法院对于公诉案件的庭前实质审查、确立完整的庭前证据开示制度等方式健全证据缺失识别机制,围绕补充调查之“必要”和“可能”两重维度明晰规则适用的具体标准与界限,基于规则项下“需要补充移送证据而检察机关未移送”的规范语义证成该规则在穷尽其他合法途径而未能化解事实认定疑难时方能适用的“断后”逻辑,借由合情推理模式补足我国当下单纯以增加证据分量为内容的事实之疑处理模式,并以确立证据妨碍规则、改革公安司法机关业绩考评体系等配套性制度安排,最大限度地保障事实审理者能够依照其理性判断独立、适时、审慎地作出既符合案件事实情境,又能够获得司法公信的事实裁断。
As a new judgement rule created by the 2021 Interpretation on Criminal Procedure,on the one hand,the“Referee Rules based on Evidence in the Case File Transferred”carries the function of dissolving the excessive objectification of the principle of evidence adjudication,and on the other hand,it carries the functions such as how to effectively identify insufficient evidences in the case,how to rationalize the logical relationship between supplementary investigation,out-of-court investigation and verification,withdrawal of public prosecution,in dubio pro reo and other treatment methods of multiple doubtful cases.To effectively activate the judicial application of the“Referee Rules based on Evidence in the Case File Transferred”,criminal legislation and criminal justice should restore the pre-trial substantive review of public prosecution cases by the people’s courts,establish a complete pre-trial evidence disclosure system and other ways to improve the mechanism for identifying missing evidence,clarify the specific criteria and boundaries of the application of the rules around the twofold dimension of“necessary”and“possible”for supplementary investigations,based on the normative semantics of the rule that“additional evidence needs to be transferred while procuratorate fails to do so”proves when other legal avenues have been exhausted and no doubt about the facts has been resolved can apply to the“break”logic.with the help of“The model of reasonable inference”complements our current model of dealing with factual doubts by simply increasing the weight of evidence,and with supporting institutional arrangements such as establishing rules for obstruction of evidence,improving the performance appraisal system of public security and judicial organs and so on to maximum guarantee the trier of fact can make independent,timely and prudent factual determinations in accordance with its rational judgment that are consistent with the the factual circumstances of the case and can gain judicial credibility.
出处
《法商研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期103-116,共14页
Studies in Law and Business
基金
国家社会科学基金西部项目(20XFX010)
陕西高校青年创新团队项目
关键词
在案证据
证据缺失
裁判规则
疑罪从无
evidence in the case file transferred
lack of evidence
referee rules
no punishment in a doubtful case
