摘要
用于水体净化和生态修复的水生植物若管理不当极易在水体中腐烂分解,对水体造成二次污染。文章对水生态修复植物的资源化利用途径进行了研究和概括,并从植物自身特性角度分析了其资源化利用潜力。结果表明,水生植物的资源化利用潜力是优选水生植物进行生态修复的重要指标之一,水生态修复植物常用于能源燃料生产、工业原料利用、食药用、生物炭制备、饲料和肥料制作等。其中,凤眼莲、大薸、浮萍等漂浮植物用途多样、应用最为广泛;芦苇、香蒲、水葱等纤维含量高且质量优的挺水植物在造纸、编织、制备生物炭等方面具备良好的潜力;在保障健康安全的前提下,菰、莲藕、水芹、芡实、慈姑等富含营养物质的植物还可进行食用,香蒲、菖蒲、泽泻等含有丰富活性物质的植物可以进行药用。对水生植物生物量进行合理收割与资源化利用,可达到生态修复与产生经济效应的双重目的。文章可为水生植物的高效利用及水生植物管理提供思路。
If the aquatic plants were not properly controlled during water purification and ecological restoration,secondary pollution can be triggered as plants decomposing in water.In this paper,the resource utilization of aquatic plants was studied,and the resource utilization potential of plants was analyzed from the perspective of their characteristics.Results showed that the resource utilization potential of aquatic plants was one of the most important indexes to optimize aquatic plants for ecological restoration,and aquatic plants could be widely used in resource utilization,including energy and fuel production,industrial raw material utilization,food and medicine,biochar preparation and feed and fertilizer production.The floating plants such as Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes and Lemna minor were the most commonly used species in various ways.Phragmites australis,Typha orientalis,Scirpus validus and other emergent plants with high fiber content and high quality had good potential in papermaking,weaving,biochar preparation and so on.Under the premise of health and safety,plants rich in nutrients such as Zizania latifolia,Nelumbo nucifera,Oenanthe javanica,Euryale ferox and Sagittaria trifolia could also be used for food,while plants rich in active substances such as Typha orientalis,Acorus calamus and Alisma orientalis could be used for medicine.Dual benefits of ecological restoration and economic effect would be achieved if plants were well harvested and rationally used.This study can provide ideas for the efficient utilization and management of aquatic plants.
作者
陈琳
李晨光
李锋民
种云霄
胡洪营
孙振水
高书连
CHEN Lin;LI Chenguang;LI Fengmin;CHONG Yunxiao;HU Hongying;SUN Zhenshui;GAO Shulian(Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control,Key Laboratory on Marine Environment and Ecology of Ministry of Education,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Qingdao Water Administration Bureau,Qingdao 266100,China)
出处
《环境科学与技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第S01期306-314,共9页
Environmental Science & Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0406304)
山东省重大科技创新工程(2019JZZY020302)
关键词
水生植物
生物量
资源化利用
生态修复
aquatic plants
plant biomass
resource utilization
ecological restoration
