摘要
生物技术两用性的治理是世界科技发展的一个紧迫而重要的问题,亟待风险善治。当前该风险存在双重治理困境:一是人为性特征下“技术迭代与治理规则”的发展异步困境;二是私域性特征下“私主体诉求与社会共识”的制度设计困境。上述困境的本质是技术失范。为达到善治目标,生物技术两用性风险善治既要遵循主体责任原则与过程透明原则的科学善治原则,并且统筹使用有效的善治机制,形成包括“软硬法”融合预防机制、多方利益主体参与审议机制、分级管理与风险评估监管机制的动态平衡。
Dual use in Biotechnology without restriction may benefit mankind while also destroying human existence and social order.Although all the goverments are working hard to improve their own regulatory systems to defend against and respond to security threats from dual use of biotechnology,they inevitably face double governance challenges.Firstly,by artificial factor,the dilemma of development between technology iteration and governance rules continued.Secondly,by private sphere factor,the dilemma of institutional design between individual needs and social consensus continued.The essence of dilemmas is technology anomie.The governance of dual use in biotechnology must take into account the principle of subject responsibility and transparent research process,but also pay attention to use effective mechanisms,including the prevention mechanism of informal and hard law fusion,the policy-making mechanism of multi-stakeholder's engagement,and the oversight mechanism of level-to-level administration and risk assessment.
出处
《复旦公共行政评论》
2022年第1期11-35,共25页
Fudan Public Administration Review
基金
2020年国家社科基金年度一般项目“总体国家安全观下生物安全法治建设的‘共建共治共享’路径与策略研究”(项目编号:20BFX163)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
生物技术两用性
风险善治
技术失范
善治原则
善治机制
Dual Use in Biotechnology
Risk Goverance
Technology Anomie
Governance Principles
Governance Mechanism
