摘要
在纠纷解决视角下,以裁判文书为素材,可以观察明代地方治理模式如何从推崇乡治到力行州县裁判的历史性变迁。在明代中前期,纠纷主要在以里老裁判为中心的乡治体系中得到解决,国家通过赋予自治组织裁判权,使之成为纠纷解决乃至治理达成的主要力量。以后里老裁判制度日渐废弛,以官僚为中心的州县裁判成为纠纷解决的主要途径。纠纷解决模式的变化受到诸多社会历史因素的影响。城镇化与商业化导致乡村自治组织机能逐渐丧失,使州县裁判填补乡治空白成为纠纷解决的主要场域。而客观环境的变化也迫使国家必须及时调整地方治理的方向,通过提高州县裁判的要求以及加强监督等方式,促使州县裁判在地方治理中发挥主要作用。
From the judgment documents,the historical changes of the local governance model of the Ming Dynasty can be observed.In the early Ming Dynasty,the Lilao adjudication system was established to extend the power of the state to the local level by granting local elites the right to judge.As a necessary part of the judicial process,the Lilao adjudication played an important role in dispute resolution.In the mid-Ming Dynasty,the jurisdiction returned to the local government,but local officials rarely participated in the adjudication in person,instead appointing Lilao as an agent to be responsible for dispute resolution.Therefore,in the middle and early Ming dynasties,local governance was still centered on rural governance.In the late Ming Dynasty,the social environment changed.Under the trend of increasing population flow and commercialization and urbanization,the rural social pattern was broken,social relations and identity order were shaken,and the space for rural governance was gradually reduced.Referees replace rural governance as the main way to resolve disputes.
作者
孟烨
Meng Ye(Law School,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期136-143,共8页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
基金
司法部2020年度法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“明清时期的裁判秩序与地方治理”(项目批准号:20SFB4011)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
纠纷解决
地方治理
乡治
州县裁判
历史变化
dispnte resolution
local governance
rural governance
referee
historical changes
