摘要
目的掌握陕西省安康市燃煤污染型氟中毒病情变化趋势、防氟炉具使用情况,为行政部门制定防治策略提供依据。方法在7个病区县100个病区村,每个村中抽取10户家庭调查改良炉灶使用、维修情况和满意度,抽查3个病区县180户清洁能源使用情况,对家庭主妇和5年级小学生进行健康知识和相关行为问卷调查;每个病区县抽取3所病区村小学,调查8-12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况。结果改良炉灶完成率、使用率、合格率、正确使用率、满意率、自行维修率分别为93.95%(4770/5077)、62.83%(2997/4770)、69.34%(2078/2997)、92.11%(1914/2997)、59.58%(3025/5077)、19.06%(179/939);电、液化气等清洁能源使用率呈上升趋势;8-12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为10.68%(1461/13683),氟斑牙指数为0.22;学生、家庭主妇防治知识知晓率分别为82.56%(21907/26535)、78.70%(15525/19728);8-12岁儿童尿氟范围为0.10-6.75 mg/L,几何均数为0.70mg/L;玉米氟含量范围为0.14-837.12 mg/kg,平均数为10.75 mg/kg。结论安康市燃煤污染型氟中毒病区实施降氟改灶项目达到防治氟中毒效果,群众对改良炉灶较为满意,大多数改良炉灶继续使用。燃烧高氟煤对粮食的污染依然存在,病区改良炉灶质量合格率、自行维修率低,病区群众防治知识知晓率下降,需进一步加强健康教育和病情监测,强化防氟炉具后期管理,开展精准防治,巩固防治成果。
Objective To grasp the change trend of poisoning diseases caused by coal-burning contaminated fluorine in ankang city,shaanxi province,and the usage of fluorine prevention stoves,so as to provide basis for administrative departments to formulate prevention and control strategies.Methods The subjects of the investigation were 7 districts and counties,including 100 villages.First,10 households were selected from each village to investigate the usage,maintenance and satisfaction of improved stoves.Then,180 households in 3 districts and counties were randomly selected to investigate the use of clean energy.At the same time,housewives and grade 5 primary school students were investigated with questionnaires on health knowledge and related behaviors.In addition,each affected district and county needs to select 3 primary schools in the affected villages,and then investigate the dental fluorosis of children aged from 8 to12.Results The completion rate,utilization rate,qualified rate,correct utilization rate,satisfaction rate and self-maintenance rate of the improved stove were 93.95%(4770/5077),62.83%(2997/4770),69.34%(2078/2997),92.11%(1914/2997),59.58%(3025/5077)and 19.06%(179/939),respectively.The utilization rate of clean energy such as electricity and liquefied gas is on the rise.The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged from 8 to12 was 10.68%(1461/13683),and the dental fluorosis index was 0.22.The awareness rates of prevention and control knowledge among students and housewives were 82.56%(21907/26535)and 78.70%(15525/19728),respectively.The urine fluoride level of children aged from 8 to12 is 0.10-6.75 mg/L,and the geometric mean is 0.70 mg/L;The fluorine content in corn ranges from 0.14 mg/kg to 837.12 mg/kg,with an average of 10.75 mg/kg.Conclusion The implementation of the project of reducing fluoride and improving stoves in the coal-burning fluorosis areas eventually achieved preventing and controlling effect,and the masses are satisfied with the improved stoves,so most of the improved stoves will continue to be used.Moreover,it is found that the pollution of burning high fluorine coal to grain still exists,and the quality qualification rate and self-maintenance rate of improved stoves in the ward are still low.In addition,the awareness rate of prevention and control knowledge among the masses in the ward is declining.Therefore,it is necessary to further strengthen health education and disease monitoring,strengthen the late management of fluorine prevention stoves,carry out accurate prevention and control,and consolidate the prevention and control results.
作者
邓英
梁磊
施周文
姜玮
苏锋
DENG Ying;LIANG Lei;SHI Zhou-wen;JIANG Wei;SU Feng(Department of Endemiology control and Physicochemical laboratory,AnKang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shaanxi,725000,China)
出处
《中国地方病防治》
CAS
2019年第6期628-632,共5页
Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases
基金
陕西省卫生厅地方病防治项目(2009-2017).
关键词
氟化物中毒
改良炉灶
氟中毒
氟斑牙
健康教育
效果评价
Fluoride Poisoning
Improving stoves
Fluorosis
Dental fluorosis
Health education
Effect evaluation
