摘要
四要件理论未能正确处理犯罪构成和正当防卫的关系。如果当下案件可能属于防卫行为,应当在进行了构成要件该当性的事实判断、形式判断之后,根据违法阻却的法理进行价值判断、实质判断以决定其是否属于正当防卫。但正当防卫不仅仅属于违法阻却事由,它和责任也有关系,特定情况下防卫行为可能存在着责任阻却或者责任减轻的情形。不宜在构成要件该当性阶段根据客观归责理论、被害人自我答责理论将正当防卫出罪,但这两种理论可以对正当防卫的正当性根据和防卫必要性、防卫适当性的判断提供学理参考。
The four elements theory fails to properly deal with the relationship between the constitution of crime and legitimate defense.If the current case may be defensive act,we should make value judgment and substantive judgment according to the legal principle of illegal obstruction to decide whether it belongs to legitimate defense after making factual judgment and formal judgment on the constitutive elements of the right.However,justifiable defense is not only the cause of illegal obstruction,but also related to responsibility.Inspecific circumstances,defensive acts may have situations that hinder responsibility or reduce responsibility.At the proper stage of constitutive elements,the justifiable defense should not be convicted according to the objective imputation theory and the victim’s self-responsibility theory,but it can provide theoretical reference for the justifiable basis of justifiable defense and the judgment of the necessity and appropriateness of defense.
出处
《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期123-133,共11页
Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law
关键词
正当防卫
犯罪构成
违法阻却事由
责任
justifiable defense
crime constitution
the cause of illegality deterrence
responsibility
