摘要
英语世界关于维纳及其控制论的研究,多以美国控制论的思潮演变,或苏联控制论的应用与发展为主要的研究对象。甚少有论著从科学哲学和冷战时期地缘政治两个角度探究维纳的控制理论(人机关系),及其背后隐藏的哲学命题(科学自治)。本文以维纳的三本著作,与发表在报纸或期刊上的相关评论为纲要,借助梅西会议后5次学术讨论现场实录,试图勾勒出冷战初期控制论发展的第一阶段,维纳本人的控制论与人机关系说(控制什么?),与他显性的政治立场(逃离谁的控制?),如何同美苏两国控制论小组的实践哲学与技术愿景之间发生碰撞、冲突,又如何调和或妥协。对这段历史的清理,也将丰富和加深我们对冷战时期科学技术、人文同政治关系的认知。
In the Anglosphere, most studies on Norbert Wiener and his control theory take the evolution of control theory in the United States, or the application and development in the Soviet Union as main research objects. Few have been approaching Wiener’s control theory(human-machine relation) from the perspectives of philosophy of science and cold war geopolitics, let alone diving into its philosophical proposition(autonomy of science). Drawing from three of Wiener’s books and many more articles he wrote for newspapers and periodicals, as well as meeting minutes from five academic discussion he partook after Macy conferences, this paper attempts to sketch an overall picture of the first phase in the development of control theory in the beginning of the cold war, in order to answer questions surrounding his control theory and humanmachine relation(controlling what?), his apparent political position(escape from who?), as well as the conflict and reconciliation of practical philosophies and technological visions between American and Soviet control theory research groups. Putting the history into perspective will help us gain a better understanding of the relationship among science, technology, humanities and politics during the cold war.
出处
《东方学刊》
2020年第2期88-109,131,共23页
Dongfang Journal
关键词
控制论
维纳
冷战
人本主义
梅西会议
Cybernetics
Norbert Wiener
cold war
humanism
Macy conferences
