摘要
比例原则包括四个要素,即合法目标原则、适当性原则、必要性原则以及狭义比例原则。仲裁庭对合法目标原则和适当性原则的考量通常采取仲裁庭自行决定措施合法性和仲裁庭尊重东道国政策考量两种模式。对于必要性原则的适用仲裁实践存在严格适用和灵活性适用两种模式。仲裁庭在审查狭义比例原则时会倾向于采用"明显过度"的标准,即只有当争议措施对投资者权利的负面影响明显超过受保护的公共利益的重要性时才违反该标准,从而在大多数案件中保护了东道国的规制权。但比例原则作为一种审查方法而非审查标准,其在投资仲裁实践中的适用具有一定的局限性。
Four elements of the principle of proportionality are the legitimate objective principle,suitability principle,necessity principle and proprotionaltiy stricto sensu principle.There are generally two approaches adopted by the investment tribunals with respect to the analysis of the legitimate objective principle and suitability principle,namely the approach that the tribunal decides the legitimacy of the disputed measure based on its own assessment and the deferential approach that the tribunal respects the policy discretion of the state.Investment tribunals have applied both restrict approach and flexible approach in deciding the application of the necessity principle in cases involving fair and equitable treatment.As to the application of proportionality stricto sensu,tribunals tend to adopt the"manifestly disappropriate"standard,which indicates that a measure in question will be in breach of the proportionality stricto sensu only if the negative impact of the measure on the investors’right is manifestly excessive compared with the significance of the public interest which the state aims to protect.Such a standard has protected the regulatory rights of the host state in most cases.However,the principle of proportionality as the method of review rather than the standard of review is subject to certain limitations in investor-state arbitration.
出处
《东方法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期189-200,共12页
Oriental Law
基金
国家社科基金重大研究专项“中国公民境外活动文明规范入法研究”(项目批准号:18VHJ015)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
比例原则
投资仲裁
合法目标
适应性原则
必要性原则
裁量余地原则
principle of proportionality
fair and equitable treatment
investment arbitration
legitimate objectives
principle of adaptability
principle of necessity
principle of discretionary margin
