摘要
目的掌握现阶段北京市昌平区孕妇有关碘缺乏病的知识、态度、行为情况以及影响因素,为确定今后碘缺乏病健康教育的方向和重点提供依据。方法随机抽取辖区内开展孕检医院的439名孕妇为调查对象,通过问卷星平台自行答卷。结果共调查孕妇439人,收集有效问卷439份,孕妇碘缺乏病总知晓率为89.07%;86.33%的孕妇了解碘缺乏对胎儿及婴幼儿造成智力发育障碍,71.07%的孕妇了解碘缺乏造成体格发育障碍,86.33%的孕妇了解碘营养需求较平时增加,87.24%的孕妇了解最安全有效便捷的补碘方式是食用加碘盐,94.99%的孕妇了解除食盐加碘外,其他的安全补碘措施是食用海带紫菜;孕妇的年龄(t=2.056)、文化程度(χ^(2)=9.612),知晓组和不知晓组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);孕妇对碘缺乏病造成的智力发育障碍(χ^(2)=47.256)、体格发育障碍(χ^(2)=14.052)、孕妇需求(χ^(2)=50.721)、安全便捷的补碘方式(χ^(2)=100.918)等认知,知晓组与不知晓组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);态度、行为方面,孕妇购买食盐时是否考虑盐的类别(χ^(2)=15.799)、家中食盐种类(χ^(2)=20.391),知晓组与不知晓组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论北京市昌平区孕妇碘缺乏病及其危害知晓率较高,但知识较为片面,补碘态度和行为存在认知误区;应开展更为全面、深入的碘缺乏病健康教育,使孕妇了解自身碘营养状况,以便更为科学、精准的补碘。
Objective To master the knowledge,attitude and practice of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)and the influencing factors among pregnant women in Changping district of Beijing,and provide basis for determining the direction and key points of the health education of IDD in the future.Methods A total of 439 pregnant women were randomly selected as the survey objects from the hospitals which the pregnancy testing was carried out in Changping district.Selfanswer through the questionnaire star platform.Results There were 439 pregnant women surveyed,and 439 valid questionnaires collected,with the total awareness rate of IDD of 89.07%in pregnant women.There were 86.33%of pregnant women knew the iodine deficiency would cause the mental retardation in the fetuses and infants,71.07%of them knew the iodine deficiency could cause the physical development disorder,86.33%of them knew the demand for iodine nutrition in the pregnant period increased than that in the normal time,87.24%of them knew that the safest,most effective and convenient way to supplement iodine was to eat iodized salt,and 94.99%of them knew the additional supplement of iodine was to eat seaweed and nori,beside the supplement of iodized salt.There were statistical differences(P<0.05)in age(t=2.056)and educational level(χ^(2)=9.612)between the knowing group and the unknowing group.The differences of cognition was statistical(P<0.05)in mental retardation(χ^(2)=47.256),physical development disorder(χ^(2)=14.052),the needs of pregnant women(χ^(2)=50.721),and the safe and convenient way of iodine supplement(χ^(2)=100.918)between the knowing group and unknowing group.There were statistical differences(P<0.05)in whether thinking about the type of salt or not(χ^(2)=15.799),and the category of salt in home(χ^(2)=20.391)when the pregnant women purchased salt between the knowing group and unknowing group.Conclusions The awareness rate of IDD and its harm in pregnant women is higher,but the knowledge is incomplete,and there are misunderstanding in attitude and practice of iodine supplement in Changping district of Beijing.More complete and deep health education on IDD should be carried out in the pregnant women,to let them know their iodine nutrition status,so as to scientifically and accurately supply iodine.
作者
孙伟
蔡旭
李飒
王瑞琴
纪宇欣
刘重程
SUNWei;CAI Xu;LI Sa;WANG Rui-qin;JI Yu-xin;LIU Zhong-cheng(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Changping District,Changping,Beijing 102200,China)
出处
《疾病预防控制通报》
2022年第4期16-19,共4页
Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)
关键词
孕妇
碘缺乏病
知信行
Pregnant women
Iodine deficiency disorder(IDD)
Knowledge,attitude and practice
