摘要
行动与实践的概念差异及其张力在从德国古典哲学到马克思之间达到了极致,以切什考夫斯基和赫斯为代表,他们在同一时期提出了从批判黑格尔历史哲学和关注法国大革命而开始、以促进本民族的解放运动为最终目的的行动哲学。从1838年到1848年,切什考夫斯基和赫斯对行动哲学提出不同筹划:前者以反“事后”为口号提出了以行动引导未来的行动哲学;后者以德法的两重革命为对照,以“自由、平等、统一”为原则追求哲学行动的现实化。1848年之后,二者的核心关切和极致差别在于如何认识行动者——谁是救世主,谁在行动中改写命运?从结果看,强调本民族的核心行动者身份的意识形态激发了强烈的现实效应:切什考夫斯基就此发展波兰弥赛亚主义,在19世纪波兰民族运动史上发挥了重要作用;赫斯则既是德国共产主义运动的创始人,也是现代犹太复国主义的先驱,他的犹太复国理论在20世纪以色列现代犹太复国运动中得到了实践承认。
The conceptual difference between action and practice and its tension reached the extreme from German classical philosophy to Marx,represented by Cieszkowski and Hess,who both put forward the criticism of Hegelian history philosophy in the same period,developed their philosophy of Action that began with the French Revolution and whose ultimate goal is to promote the liberation of their own nation.From 1838 to 1848,Cieszkowski and Hess had different plans for the action:the former proposed a philosophy of action that guides the future through action with the goal of opposing“post-factum”;the latter compared the two revolutions in Germany and France,to pursue the actualization of philosophical action based on the principles of“liberte,egalite,united”.After 1848,the core concern and extreme difference between the two focused on how to understand the actors,especially about who is the savior,and who rewrites the fate in action?Judging from the results,emphasizing the identity of the nation's core actors stimulated strong actual effects:Cieszkowski developed Polish Messianism,which had an important impact on the history of Polish national movements in the 19th century;Hess was both the founder of the German communist movement and the pioneer of modern Zionism,his Zionism theory has been confirmed and recognized in the modern Zionist movement in Israel in the 20th century.
出处
《当代国外马克思主义评论》
2023年第2期309-332,共24页
Contemporary Marxism Review
关键词
行动哲学
实践哲学
民族主义
切什考夫斯基
赫斯
philosophy of action
philosophy of praxis
nationalism
Agust von Cieszkowski
Moses Hess
