摘要
根据卜辞考证,商代的万舞是一种以干戚为舞具的武舞,具有威严雄强的舞蹈风貌,因其带有"兵象"而主要用于止雨、祭祀男性祖先和禳除灾祸。作为舞蹈的"万",其甲骨文字形是"万"而不是"萬",其原型可以追溯到刑天舞干戚的神话。商周政权交替之际,万舞被用于武王克商的祭祖大典当中。西周以后经历了两次重要的改造:一是其持干戚以舞的基本形态被改编进周的专属国乐《大武》,虽在有周一代备受重视,却从此失去了"万舞"之名;二是周公制礼作乐的过程中,随着商乐《大濩》性质功能的被改变,羽籥之舞成了万舞的另一面。万舞的祭祖功能被西周雅乐最大限度地保留和发展了,其止雨、祛灾祓除的凌厉巫舞部分则与傩舞逐渐合流。
According to the textual research of Oracle Inscriptions,Wan Dance in Shang Dynasty is a kind of martial arts dance with shield and axe as dancing props,presenting a majestic and powerful outlook.It is mainly used for stopping rain,offering sacrifices to male ancestors and eliminating disasters due to its“warrior image”.As a dance style,the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of“Wan”is“instead of”,whose prototype can be traced back to the myth of“Xing Tian playing shield and axe”.During the time when Shang and Zhou Dynasties alternated,Wan Dance was used in the grand ceremony of ancestor worship after King Wu seized power.It underwent two major transformations after the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty:first,its basic form of shield and axe dance was adapted into Zhou’s exclusive national music“Dawu”,which was highly valued in the Zhou Dynasty,but has since lost its name of“Wan Dance”;second,in the process of formulating rites and composing music in Zhou Dynasty,with the change of the nature and function of Shang's music“DaHuo”,dancing with bright feather and bamboo flute became the other form of Wan Dance.The function of ancestor sacrifice of Wan Dance has been preserved and developed to the maximum by the rites of Zhou Dynasty,while the fierce witch dance with attributes of irain-stopping and disaster-eliminating has gradually merged with Nuo Dance.
作者
屠志芬
TU Zhi-fen(School of Arts and Management,Jilin University of Arts,Changchun 130021,China)
出处
《北京舞蹈学院学报》
CSSCI
2020年第1期47-55,共9页
Journal of Beijing Dance Academy
关键词
万舞
干戚
羽籥
《大濩》
《大武》
Wan Dance
shield and axe
bright feather and bamboo flute
Da Huo
Da Wu
