摘要
迄今为止,我国丝绸之路沿线发现的金属下颌托[1],自北魏平城时期直至元大德九年间共计59例,此外,贵州遵义、铜仁等地的土司墓(13~16世纪)中也发现有形制近似于唐宋时期的金属下颌托,共计11件,材质有玉、金、银三种,有的还伴出有金属覆面,但其装饰意味已十分明显,结构也大大简化,可视作北朝以来此类葬俗的余绪,由于本文所讨论的问题主要为金属下颌托葬俗的渊源、产地及形成过程,因此选择不纳入唐代以后发现的金属下颌托[2]。而与金属下颌托材质不同的毛麻编绳、丝绢一类的下颌托却集中出土于新疆地区,时代一般较早。与中原内地相比,新疆地区北魏至隋唐的墓葬尚未发现金属下颌托随葬的葬俗,反而继续流行丝绢一类的下颌托,可见两种材质不同的下颌托葬俗意涵可能存在差异。
This article re-examines the metal chin-straps burial customs of tombs along the Silk Road,and noticed the differences between such funeral customs in the process of circulation.Regardless of diachronicity or synchronicity,it were significantly different from the shape of the metal chin-straps in most areas of China's Mainland,instead,it were closer to the funeral form in Guyuan.The metal chin-straps combined with coverings excavated in Central Asia,Xinjiang and Guyuan,sometimes the special crowns were also been found.Therefore,it is not appropriate to investigate the use of the metal chin-straps.Then,after analysison the relationship between the metal chin-straps burial customs of tombs in Guyuan during Sui and Tang Dynasty with Central Asia and Xinjiang,and its source is likely to be in Central Asia.Finally,it was also believed that the burial customs of the metal chin-straps and masks in Central Asia and Xinjiang were the product after undergoing the process of alienation and grafting,and which were inherited and transformed by Sogdians to give meaning to the faith.Thus it could be seen that the content and meaning of the metal chin-strips burial customs are not static,and it is necessary to analyze the different situations.It is wrong to ignore the origin and its relationship with other companions,and draw a conclusion simply.
出处
《边疆考古研究》
2021年第1期283-297,共15页
Research of China＇s Frontier Archaeology
