摘要
无论是世界主流立法例,还是从损害的属人性要求出发,社会组织都不得以生态环境受损为由请求污染者直接承担赔偿责任。我国《民法典》虽然在侵权责任编中确立了普通环境侵权和生态环境侵权的二元模式,但是并不意味着社会组织有权提起生态环境损害诉讼。环境公共利益受到侵害之时,应当明确区分为造成社会公众具体损害的情形和仅造成生态环境自身损害的情形。前者可以由社会组织提起环境民事公益诉讼,后者则可以由监管机关提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼等,社会组织对此提起民事公益诉讼缺乏正当性。确立生态环境保护的民事公益诉讼与生态环境损害诉讼二分论,可以明确社会组织参与生态环境保护的路径,也可以赋权社会组织在行政机关不作为时可以提起行政公益诉讼。
Whether it is the world’s mainstream legislation or from the perspective of the human nature requirements of damage,environmental organizations cannot ask polluters to directly bear civil liability on the grounds of damage to the ecological environment.Although the Civil Code of PRC has formed a dual model of general environmental tort and ecological environmental tort in the tort liability edition,it does not mean that social organizations have the right to bring environmental damage litigation.When the environmental public interest is violated,it should be further divided into the situation of infringement of the damage of the unspecified majority and the situation of the ecological environment damage caused by the damage of the specific person.From the legislation,the former can be rescued by environmental protection organizations in the form of environmental civil public interest litigation and the latter can be initiated by the regulatory authorities to file a lawsuit for compensation for ecological and environmental damages,etc.,and social organizations lack legitimacy in filing civil public interest litigation.Establishing a dichotomy between civil public interest litigation and ecological environmental damage litigation for ecological environmental protection can clarify the path for social organizations to participate in ecological environmental protection,and may also empower social organizations to initiate administrative public interest lawsuits when administrative organs do not act.
出处
《北方法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期76-90,共15页
Northern Legal Science
基金
2018年度浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“环境污染民事诉讼中因果关系证明的实证研究”(18NDJC054YB)的阶段性成果
关键词
生态环境损害
环境公益诉讼
属人性
公共利益
ecological environmental damage
environmental public interest litigation
human nature
public interest
