摘要
Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)are a major threat to the elderly,and efficient therapy is rarely available.A group of phytochemicals has been shown to ameliorate NDs;however,poor stability,low bioavailability,and reduced drug accumulation in brain tissue limit their application in NDs.Therefore,a targeted drug delivery system is a feasible treatment strategy for NDs.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)possess many favorable bioactivities and are excellent carriers for targeting brain tissue.This review summarizes EVs as novel phytochemical carriers in ND therapy.First,we discuss the current challenges of ND therapy and the therapeutic effects of phytochemicals for NDs.Second,we highlight the ability of EVs to cross the blood-brain barrier and act as drug carriers to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for NDs.Finally,encapsulation strategies for phytochemicals in EVs are particularly reviewed,as they are critical for obtaining high loading efficacy and stable drug delivery systems.This review provides new insights into EV-based drug delivery systems for improving the therapeutic effect of phytochemicals for ND treatment.Therefore,the release rate and pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals should be well controlled to ensure the therapeutic efficacy of phytochemical-loaded EVs in the brain.
神经退行性疾病(NDs)是严重威胁老年人的健康,有效的治疗方法较为匮乏。植物化学物质已被大量实验证明可以改善NDs;然而,稳定性差、生物利用度低、脑组织内药物积累量较少等因素大大限制了其在NDs治疗中的应用。因此,靶向递药系统有望成为一种可行的NDs治疗策略。细胞外囊泡(EVs)具有许多良好的生物活性,是靶向脑组织的优良载体。本文总结了EVs作为植物化学物质的新型载体在ND治疗中的研究进展。首先,文章讨论了目前ND治疗面临的挑战以及植物化学物质对ND的治疗作用。其次,重点关注了EVs通过血脑屏障的能力及其作为药物载体的能力,评估其增强药物治疗NDs的效果。最后,阐述了在EVs中包封植物化学物质的策略,这也是获得高负载效率和稳定的药物递送体系的关键。本文聚焦在基于EVs的药物递送体系,这将为提高植物化学物质治疗ND效果提供了新的思路。因此,应控制好植物化学物质的释放速度和药代动力学,以保证负载植物化学物质的胞外囊泡体系在脑内的治疗效果。
基金
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 31700714)
the Young Scholars Supporting Program of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics(Grant ZZZXW20001)
the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
