摘要
利用贵港国家气象观测站1980—2021年地面气象记录年报表资料,对5、10、15、20、30、45min和1、1.5、2、3、4、6、9、12、24h共15个不同历时年最大降水量变化特征进行分析。结果表明,随着降水历时延长,各历时年最大降水量的标准差和变差系数逐渐变大,即离散程度逐渐增大;各历时年最大降水量的最大值出现日期多与对应年一日最大降水量出现日期密切相关,最小值出现年份多数在降水量最少年。各历时年最大降水量主要集中在汛期,出现次数占总次数的96.7%。降水峰值多出现在白天,以下午居多,夜间降水峰值多出现在下半夜。近42a,5min—3h年最大降水量均呈显著上升趋势,4—24h年最大降水量总体变化趋势不显著;各历时年最大降水量在20世纪80年代至90年代初呈下降趋势,之后至21世纪10年代呈上升趋势,以短历时年最大降水量上升明显。15、30、45min和1、1.5、2h年最大降水量在20世纪90年代中期开始存在明显突变,过渡为明显增多阶段。
Using the precipitation data in the annual report of surface meteorological records from 1980 to 2021 at Guigang National meteorological observatory station,the variation characteristics of annual maximum precipitation over 15 different durations periods from 5 min to 24 h were analyzed.The results show that with the extension of precipitation duration,the standard deviation and variation coefficient of the maximum annual precipitation in each different period gradually increase,that is,the degree of dispersion gradually increases;The occurrence date of annual maximum precipitation in different periods is closely related to the occurrence date of maximum one-day precipitation in the corresponding year,the minimum of annual maximum precipitation in different periods often occurs in the year with the least precipitation.The annual maximum precipitation in each period is mainly concentrated in the flood season,accounting for 96.7%of the total number of occurrences.The peak time of annual maximum precipitation with different durations precipitation mainly occurs in the daytime,with the majority occurring in the afternoon,and the peak time of the nighttime precipitation mostly occurs in the second half of the night.In the past 42 years,the annual maximum precipitation with the duration of 5 min-3h showed a significant increasing trend,while the annual maximum precipitation with the duration of 4-24h showed no significant change trend.The annual maximum precipitation of each period was decreasing from the 1980s to the early 1990s,and then increasing from the mid-1990s to the 21st century,with a significant increase in the annual maximum precipitation for the short-duration.The annual maximum precipitation with a duration of 15min,30min,45min,1h,1.5h,and 2h began to have a significant abrupt change in the mid-1990s,transitioning to a significant increasing stage.
作者
周幼婵
蒙雪迎
陆伟昇
李艳兰
Zhou Youchan;Meng Xueying;Lu Weisheng;Li Yanlan(Guigang Meteorological Bureau,Guangxi Guigang 537100,China;Guangxi Climate Center,Nanning 530022,China)
出处
《气象研究与应用》
2023年第2期51-56,共6页
Journal of Meteorological Research and Application
基金
广西气象科研计划项目(桂气科2023ZL04)
广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFAA297122)
贵港市气象科研计划项目(贵气科2022003)
关键词
贵港市
历时
年最大降水量
标准差
变差系数
Guigang
durations
annual maximum precipitation
standard deviation
variation coefficient
