摘要
随着生态环境日渐恶化,人们对保护环境与动物的意识日渐增强,素食成为一种饮食与文化潮流席卷全球。个体的饮食行为深受社会文化影响,然而目前关于素食心理的研究仍集中在西方情境,我国本土情境下的素食心理亟待关注。本研究旨在考察个体成为素食者的动机、素食后内在与外在反馈及应对策略,采用扎根理论的研究路径,对23位不同类型的素食者进行深度访谈。通过编码分析,结果发现:(1)除了健康、动物与环境保护等常见的自利、利他型动机外,我国素食者的动机还体现了生命成长、报恩等具有文化特异性的生命观与因果观;(2)受访者在素食后的内在反馈体现为积极和消极的身心变化,积极心理反应包括情绪平稳、注意力更集中、生命品质与自控力提升等,积极身体反应包括睡眠改善、体质增强等;消极变化主要体现在身体的短期不适(口腔溃疡、贫血等);(3)素食者面临的外在反馈包括社会压力(如亲友的质疑、劝阻等),以及积极(自控力强)和消极(营养不均衡、柔弱、贫乏等)的刻板印象。素食者采取掩饰素食偏好、影响他人、寻求内群体社会支持等行为应对策略。未来研究有待进一步关注本土情境下素食者面临的社会压力与道德困境。本研究对素食的道德面向及文化影响,以及素食产业的发展提供了启示。
Although vegetarianism is rising worldwide,little attention has been paid to the psychology of vegetarianism in China.This research aims to investigate motivations for Chinese to become vegetarian or vegan,the internal and external feedback after the dietary change and their coping strategies to these feedbacks.Using a grounded theory approach,we conducted semi-structured interviews with 23 vegetarian/vegan participants with different religious and professional background.Each interview lasted from 20 minutes to one hour.The results indicated that in addition to the widely found pro-self and altruistic motives,such as health and ethical concerns for animal and environmental protection,vegetarians in China reported unique motives,such as personal growth and repay gratitude towards their families,indicating views of life and Karma.Interviewees reported positive psychological feedback including emotional benefits(e.g.,emotionally more stable,feeling peaceful),increase of awareness,self-regulation and life quality,as well as decrease of desire for materialist needs.Positive physical feedback included becoming fit and healthier,whereas negative feedback such as gum bleeding were also experienced.These negative feedbacks influenced the persistence and strictness of one’s vegetarian pattern,depending how they made attribution and their original motivations to become vegetarian.Although external feedback indicated interpersonal support from family and friends for some interviewees,most interviewees reported social pressure and perceived stereotype of vegetarian food and vegetarian people.As such,coping strategies included seeking for ingroup support from vegetarian community,hiding vegetarian identity at home or at work,counter-stereotype impression management,and influence others to understand more about the nutrition and meaning of vegetarianism as well as the downside of meat-based diets.This study provides theoretical implications for research on the moral aspects of vegetarian diets and culture,and practical implications for the development of vegetarian/vegan industry in China.
作者
刘潇肖
蔡崧吟
宋璐阳
曾雅丽
Liu Xiaoxiao;Cai Songyin;Song Luyang;Zeng Yali
出处
《中国社会心理学评论》
2021年第2期133-152,269-270,共22页
Chinese Social Psychological Review
基金
福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目资助(项目编号:2020J05013)
关键词
素食动机
素食认同感
饮食选择
扎根理论
道德基础理论
vegetarian motivation
vegetarian identity
food choice
grounded theory
moral foundation theory
