摘要
本文采用2000—2015年中国海关数据库和工业企业数据库的微观匹配数据,考察了工业机器人应用对中国企业出口产品质量的影响、作用机制与动态效应。估计结果发现,工业机器人的应用显著提高了出口产品质量,这一结论在经过一系列检验后依然稳健。基于中介效应的作用机制分析发现,使用工业机器人能够提升企业全要素生产率,降低边际成本,从而实现出口产品质量的提升,这种提升效果在大规模企业、非高新技术企业、非国有企业中更为明显。基于动态视角的拓展研究进一步发现,工业机器人的应用会带来贸易拓展效应,但新建贸易关系的产品质量相对较低;也会带来市场份额的重新分配,低质量产品将从中高质量产品中抢夺市场份额,引发激烈的竞争效应;还会带来先发优势效应,即率先使用工业机器人的企业获得的质量提升效果远高于平均水平。
Based on the matched micro data from the Chinese Customs database and the Chinese industrial enterprise database for 2000-2015,this paper analyzes the impact,mechanism and dynamic effects of the use of industrial robots on the product quality of Chinese manufacturing enterprises’exports.The empirical results show that the adoption of robots has a significantly positive effect on upgrading the quality of manufacturing enterprises’products,which remains robust after a series of checks.Additionally,the analysis of the mechanism of intermediary effect shows that the use of industrial robots promotes the total factor productivity(TFP),and reduces the marginal costs of the enterprises,thus leading to an upgrade in the export product quality.Moreover,the quality upgrading effect is particularly prominent in large enterprises,non-high-tech enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises.Finally,extended research from dynamic perspectives further shows that the adoption of industrial robots could bring about a trade expansion,but that the product quality of the newly established trade relations could be relatively low.This could cause a redistribution of the market share,with low-quality products seizing a share from the medium and high-quality products,producing a competition effect.And it could also bring a first-move advantage,namely the enterprises that take the lead in adopting the robots early on are likely to have an advantage over those who follow them in the effect of quality upgrading.
作者
蔡震坤
綦建红
CAI Zhenkun;QI Jianhong
出处
《国际贸易问题》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第10期17-33,共17页
Journal of International Trade
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“‘一带一路’国家金融生态多样性对中国海外投资效率的影响研究”(17ZDA040)
国家社科基金重大项目“新旧动能转换机制设计及路径选择研究”(18ZDA078)
国家社科基金一般项目“人工智能与出口贸易高质量发展研究”(20BJY195)
关键词
出口产品质量
工业机器人
竞争效应
Export Product Quality
Industrial Robots
Competition Effect
