摘要
研究通过无人机平台和运动结构建模技术获取景观尺度高分辨率数字正射影像及数字高程模型(DEM),利用决策树算法基于正射影像自动估算植被覆盖度,并与DEM数据进行叠加,分析戈壁区植被空间分布特征及其与地形关系。结果表明:(1)基于无人机高清影像,利用无人机高精度影像分析平台提取戈壁区稀疏植被覆盖度,获得了较好精度,采用无人机影像数据对于分析戈壁区稀疏植被分布特征具有很好的适用性;(2)扇顶、扇中、扇缘植被覆盖度分别为9.7289%,3.9375%,3.0430%,植被呈斑块条带状分布,斑块离散程度大。植被覆盖度随海拔的降低而减低,且下降趋势有所减缓;(3)在洪积扇尺度上,植被覆盖度主要受海拔影响;在样地尺度上,植被覆盖度受微地形影响,微地形起伏形成的沟谷分布网络与植被分布趋势具有高度的一致性。
The main purpose of this research was to explore the vegetation coverage and its spatial distribution characteristics in Gobi area,hoping to provide theoretical basis for the protection of biodiversity.The high resolution Digital Orthophoto Image and digital elevation model(DEM)were obtained by unmanned aircraft vehicle(UAV)platform and motion structure modeling technology.The vegetation coverage was estimated automatically based on Orthophoto Image by decision tree algorithm,and the vegetation coverage and spatial distribution characteristics of vegetation were analyzed by superimposing and analyzing the DEM data.The results show that:(1)Based on the high-definition image of UAV,the sparse vegetation coverage in Gobi area was extracted by using the high-precision image analysis platform of UAV,and the better accuracy was obtained.The UAV image data had good applicability for analyzing the sparse vegetation distribution characteristics in Gobi area.(2)From the top to the edge of the fan,the vegetation coverage is 9.7289%,3.9375%and 3.0430%respectively,the vegetation distributes in patches and bands,and the degree of patch dispersion is large.As elevation decreases,the vegetation coverage drops,and the downward trend from fan top to fan edge is slower than that from fan top to fan edge.(3)On the scale of diluvial fan,vegetation coverage is mainly affected by elevation;on the scale of sample plot,vegetation coverage is affected by micro-topography.The valley distribution network formed by micro-topography fluctuation is highly consistent with the vegetation distribution trend.This study is of great significance to the scientific understanding of the characteristics and functions of ecosystems in the Gobi region,and can play a guiding role in the protection of local biodiversity and the development of agriculture and animal husbandry.
作者
张和钰
管文轲
李志鹏
张谱
丁杰
冯益明
ZHANG Heyu;GUAN Wenke;LI Zhipeng;ZHANG Pu;DING Jie;FENG Yiming(Institute of Desertification Studies,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Science and Technology Extension Office of Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Urumqi 830000,China)
出处
《干旱区资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期161-167,共7页
Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金(31770764)
国家林业和草原局软科学课题(2018-R4)资助.
关键词
无人机
植被分布特征
微地形
戈壁区
unmanned aircraft vehicle(UAV)
vegetation distribution characteristics
microtopography
Gobi area
