摘要
清代宫廷珍宝器物、建筑装饰、园林造景中所用的珍稀材料品类丰富、名目繁杂。本文在前人研究的基础上,梳理了清代档案中珍宝材料名称并结合文物实物的无损检测结果,较为系统地总结了故宫珍宝材料的主要类别。根据化学成分以及同生命体的关系可将故宫珍宝材料划分为无机材料和有机材料。无机材料包括宝石类、玉石类、金属类和人工烧制材料类;有机材料根据有机体的属性可划分为与动物相关的牙骨类、角甲类、皮毛类、羽毛类、珠贝类,与植物相关的木质部类、木叶皮类、果核类、树胶质类。同时根据文物修复实例归纳了各类材料物理化学性质、常见用法和病害情况,为今后相关珍宝文物的保护修复操作提供参考。
Precious materials selected for producing objects,interior décor,or garden landscaping in the Qing dynasty(1644-1911)imperial court are rich in categories and complex in nomenclature.Based on previous studies,court archives records and non-destructive testing of the physical objects,this article systematically summarizes main categories of precious materials used in the Qing court.According to the chemical composition and the relationship with living organisms,these precious materials can be divided into inorganic materials and organic materials.The former include gems,jade,metals,and artificially fired materials,while the latter can be divided,according to the properties of organisms,into animalrelated dental bones,horns,fur,feathers,pearl shells,and plant-related xylem,wood,leaf,bark,fruit pits,and resin.At the same time,this article also summarizes the physical and chemical properties,common usage,and disease conditions of various materials based on conservation case studies,and provides references for the protection and restoration of related objects in the future.
出处
《故宫学刊》
2022年第1期443-454,共12页
Journal of Gugong Studies
基金
故宫博物院科研课题《养心殿镶嵌类文物中珠宝玉石材料的病害分析及保护修复研究》(课题编号:WB10302011816)项目资金支持
关键词
珍宝材料
拉曼光谱
红外光谱
precious materials
Raman Spectrum
FTIR Spectrum
