摘要
探明内蒙古黄土高原旱作区典型作物水分供需平衡关系,以黄土高原旱作区玉米为研究对象,以1981—2020年逐日气象资料为基础,对不同水分年型进行划分,基于水量平衡理论分析了黄土高原旱作区玉米在各生育期的需水特征及作物需水量和降水量的耦合情况。结果表明:玉米全生育期需水量为499.6mm;其耗水强度平均为3.42mm/d,三叶—拔节期、拔节—抽雄期是玉米的耗水高峰期。玉米在三叶—拔节期、拔节—抽雄期的需水量最大;丰水年、平水年、枯水年的降水量均小于需水量,丰水年玉米播种—三叶期、三叶—拔节期、拔节—抽雄期、抽雄—成熟期的水分盈亏量分别为9.10、-67.5、30.10、-16.8 mm,平水年分别为-2.30、-107.60、-42.2、-22.3 mm;枯水年分别为-18.8、-142.9、-88.7、-37.9mm,无法满足玉米关键生育期对水分的需求,需采取补水措施来保证玉米正常生长。
water resources in the Loess Plateau are extremely scarce and supplies and demands of crop water under different hydrological year are not clear.This study takes maize in rainfed area of the Loess Plateau as the research object.Based on the daily meteorological data from 1981 to 2020 in the Loess Plateau,through the division of different hydrological years and based on the water balance theory,the water demand characteristics of maize at different growth periods and the relationship between water demand and precipitation were analyzed.The results showed that the water demand of Maize in the whole growth period was 499.6 mm,and the average water consumption intensity is 3.42 mm/d.The peak water consumption periods of maize is from three leaf to jointing stage and from jointing to tasseling stage,and the water consumption intensity is 4.42 mm/d and 4.85 mm/d,respectively.The water demand of maize was the largest in the three leaf to jointing stage and jointing to tasseling stage,accounting for 40.73%and 31.04%of the whole water demand,respectively.The precipitation in high,normal,low flow years can not meet the water demand of maize.The water surplus and deficit in the sowing to three leaf stage,three leaf to jointing stage,jointing to tasseling stage and tasseling to maturity stage of maize was 9.10,-67.5,30.10 mm and-16.8 mm(high flow year);-2.30、-107.60、-42.2、-22.3 mm(normal flow year);-18.8,-142.9,-88.7,-37.9 mm(low flow year),respectively.It is necessary to take water supplement measures to ensure the growth of crops.The results of this study can provide reference for regulate and contrtol of agricultural water resources in the Loess Plateau area of Inner Mongolia.
作者
王国帅
徐冰
汤鹏程
田德龙
张琛
任杰
李泽坤
WANG Guoshuai;XU Bing;TANG Pengcheng;TIAN Delong;ZHANG Chen;REN Jie;LI Zekun(Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area Ministry of Water Resources,Hohhot 010018,China;Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第S02期32-37,共6页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项-水资源供需平衡机制与利用方式研究(2020ZD0005-0102)
关键词
黄土高原
水文年型
玉米
需水量
盈亏量
耗水强度
Loess Plateau
hydrological year
maize
water demand
surplus and deficit
water consumption intensity
