摘要
设施蔬菜是我国设施园艺的重要组成部分,发展无土栽培及配套的水肥一体化技术是节水、节肥、节能、减排、高效生产的有效途径。【目的】本试验旨在改变按生育期调节营养液浓度的跳跃式管理模式,进行番茄浓度的微小递增式调控,使番茄在生长发育阶段中有一个浓度适应的过程,更利于番茄的生长;进而筛选经济效益较高、品质较好的试验处理,作为营养液浓度精细化管理的最优方案。【方法】本试验以"欧官"为试材料,根据番茄主茎叶片数对灌溉营养液浓度进行调控:分别设置随番茄生长1片叶片(T1)、2片叶片(T2)、3片叶片(T3)对营养液浓度提高一个步长(0.1m S/cm)的3个处理,并以按生育期调控营养液浓度作为对照(CK),通过番茄生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率等参数综合评价调控效果。【结果】T1调控方案,番茄株体紧凑,番茄的光合及蒸腾速率最高,水分利用效率提高11%,节水效果显著(30.4%)高于其他处理,可滴定酸量较低,且可有效降低番茄果实中硝酸盐含量。T2处理的营养液浓度调控变化趋势与CK最为接近,增加营养液浓度调整频率,可有效提高番茄维生素C量,降低可滴定酸比例;且浓度调控间隔越大,果实中维生素C量越高、可滴定酸量越低。前期降低供液浓度、提高供液频率(T3)可提高番茄品质。【结论】根据调控目标确定调控方案,从增产与节水节肥角度,每生长一片叶,营养液浓度提高一个步长(0.1 m S/cm)为最优调控方案,有利于田间管理,促进番茄生殖生长,可在保证产量和品质的前提下大幅提高水分利用效率。在生产过程中,确定目标综合考虑来确定营养液浓度调控频率及灌溉频率,更有利于营养液高效管理,提高营养液浓度调控的精细度,为智能化调控的建立奠定基础。进一步可与番茄叶片数模型相结合,建立番茄浓度调控模型。
【Objective】Facility vegetables are an important part of China’s facility horticulture.High-level facility construction,high energy efficiency,and advanced cultivation and management techniques can achieve high economic returns.However,China’s facility energy utilization rate is significantly lower than that of agriculturally developed countries such as the Netherlands.The appropriate concentration of the period,the lack of buffering period,is not conducive to the reproductive growth of tomato.The purpose of this experiment is to change the skip irrigation management mode that adjusts the concentration of nutrient solution according to the growth period,and to carry out a small incremental adjustment of tomato concentration,so that the tomato has a concentration adaptation process during the growth and development stage,which is more conducive to tomato growth;and then screening Test treatment with higher economic benefit and better quality,as the optimal solution for fine management of nutrient solution concentration.【Method】In this experiment,the"European official"was used as the test material,and the concentration of the irrigation nutrient solution was adjusted according to the number of main stem leaves of tomato:one leaf(T1),two leaves(T2)and three leaves(T3)were set with tomato.The concentration of the nutrient solution was increased by one step(0.1 m S/cm).The concentration of the nutrient solution according to the growth period was set as the control(CK).The regulation effect was comprehensively evaluated by parameters such as growth,yield,quality and water use efficiency of tomato.【Result】T1 regulation scheme:tomato strain is compact,tomato photosynthetic and transpiration rate is the highest,water use efficiency is increased by 11%,water saving effect is significant(30.4%)is significantly higher than other treatments,titratable acid content is low,and can effectively reduce tomato Nitrate content in the fruit.The trend of nutrient solution concentration regulation in T2 treatment is closest to CK.Increasing the frequency of nutrient solution adjustment can effectively increase the vitamin C content of tomatoes and reduce the ratio of titratable acid;Moreover,the greater the concentration control interval,the higher the vitamin C content in the fruit and the lower the titratable acid content.In prophase,reducing the concentration of nutrition solution and increasing the frequency of irrigation was benefiting for quality improvement.【Conclusion】According to the aim we choose the control scheme.For high yield and water-fertilizer saving,each leaf growing,the treatment of nutrient concentration increased by one step(0.1 m S/cm)(T1)is the optimal control scheme.Conducive to field management,promote tomato reproductive growth,can greatly improve water use efficiency under the premise of ensuring yield and quality.Therefore,in the production process,the target is determined to comprehensively consider the concentration of nutrient solution,the demand of crops for nutrients,etc.to adjust the frequency of nutrient solution regulation and irrigation frequency,which is more conducive to the efficient management of nutrient solution.The determination of the plan can improve the fineness of nutrient solution concentration regulation and lay the foundation for the establishment of intelligent regulation.It can be combined with tomato leaf number model to establish tomato concentration control model.
作者
尚超
徐凡
李俊玲
郭文忠
韩莹琰
SHANG Chao;XU Fan;LI Junling;GUOWenzhong;HAN Yingyan(Beijing Agriculture Information Technology Research Center,Beijing 100097,China;Beijng University Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;Beijing Agricultural Intelligent Equipment Technology Research Center,Beijing 100097,China;Xi’an Vocational and Technical College,Xi’an 710077,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第S02期26-32,共7页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31601794)
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重大(重点)项目(2018BBF02024)
北京市优秀人才培养资助项目(2016000057592G259)
关键词
设施番茄
叶片数
岩棉栽培
浓度调控
水分利用效率
facilities tomato
leaf number
rock wool cultivation
concentration control
water use efficiency
