摘要
【目的】了解黄河宁夏段沿程水质时空变化规律。【方法】以黄河干流宁夏段6个水质检测国控断面水质检测数据为基础,运用统计分析方法,对河流年内进行水文时期(丰水期、平水期、枯水期)划分,利用主成分分析法筛选对水体质量有代表性影响的水质指标,采用等权重的综合水质标识指数法对结果进行分析,根据《地表水水质评价标准》(GB3838—2002)进行等级划分。【结果】(1)黄河宁夏段主要水体污染指标为有机无毒类及植物营养素(氮、磷)类污染物,对水体质量有代表性影响的指标为BOD5、COD、CODMn、面源污染物NH4+-N、TN;(2)黄河宁夏段干流水体质量为Ⅰ~Ⅱ类水,符合集中式生活饮用水地表水源地二级保护区及工农业用水要求的Ⅲ类水指标;(3)从上游到下游水质呈现逐渐恶化趋势,其中麻黄沟水质污染最为严重;(4)流域枯水期水质明显劣于丰水期水质。【结论】农业面源类污染物是黄河宁夏段主要水体污染物。农业退水排放时,尤其在冬春二季应注意对黄河干流的生态影响。
【Objective】Understand the temporal and spatial variation of water quality along the Ningxia section of the Yellow River.【Method】Based on the water quality data monitored by 6 national stations in the Ningxia section of the main stream of the Yellow River,the statistical analysis method was used to divide the hydrological period(wet season,normal season and dry season).The Principal Component Analysis method was used screens the water quality indicators that have a representative effect on the quality of the water body,and Comprehensive Water Quality Identification Index Method was used to analyze the results,and the water quality was assessed according to the"Surface Water Quality Evaluation Standard"(GB3838—2002).【Results】The main water pollution indicators of the Ningxia section of the Yellow River were organic pollutants and phytonutrient(nitrogen,phosphorus),and the indicators that have a representative effect on the water quality were BOD5,COD,CODMn,and non-point source pollutants NH4+-N,TN;The quality of the main stream of the Ningxia section of the Yellow River was Class I-II water,which meets the Class III water indicators of the secondary protection areas for surface water sources of centralized drinking water and industrial and agricultural water requirements;The water quality deteriorated from upstream to downstream,and the pollution in Mahuanggou was the most serious;The water quality of the river basin during dry season was obviously inferior to the water quality during wet season.【Conclusion】Agricultural non-point source pollutants were the main water pollutants in the Ningxia section of the Yellow River.When returning agricultural water,especially in the winter and spring seasons,attention should be paid to the ecological impact on the main stream of the Yellow River.
作者
宁忠瑞
李虹彬
NING Zhongrui;LI Hongbin(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第S01期56-61,共6页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
河海大学创新训练计划项目(2019102941004)
关键词
主成分分析
综合水质标识指数
黄河宁夏段
水质分析
时空变化
principal component analysis
comprehensive water quality identification index
Ningxia section of the Yellow River
water quality assessment
temporal and spatial changes
