摘要
方东树作为桐城派诗学的集大成者,其"以文论诗"经常被提及。但是"以文论诗"在具体评诗实践中所囊括的方法及内容却很少受人关注,其实践价值也很少被人重视。本文以方东树《昭昧詹言》中点评陶诗为例,进行如下分析。首先,通过对"文法"、"义法"和"诗法"的解析,可以得知方东树的"以文法论陶诗"主要采用古代文论的"文法"概念,同时对桐城"义法"有所取舍,将大量笔墨应用于文章章法、修辞、笔法等内容的解析上,对其中"义"所包含的"道与德"解析相对较少。其次,在解析特征上,就选诗体例来讲,方东树在《昭昧詹言》点评陶诗时,对所依据的王士禛《古诗选》进行了改造,一是他对《古诗选》的所选篇目有所取舍,二是他对《古诗选》的陶诗编排次序进行了时间编年及调整;就论述形式来讲,《昭昧詹言》以依附原文的点评对陶诗进行逐条解读,呈现出零散化的特点。再次,在具体内容上,除去大量考证的《陶诗附考》,方东树在《昭昧詹言》中对陶诗的评述主要分为总括性论述和具体诗篇分析两种,其总体论述可以分为创作启发、德行典范和鉴赏评论等三个方面,他对具体诗篇的分析体现了"以文法评陶诗"的精髓,主要分为解题、风格、文法、句法、笔法、文体等六个方面。最后,本文总结方东树《昭昧詹言》中"以文法论陶诗"的价值为:从儒家诗教角度点评陶诗是其内在意蕴;为陶诗鉴赏、诗歌创作点明技法;将桐城文法移植到诗歌点评。
Fang Dongshu,as a master of the poetry of the Tongcheng School,is often mentioned in his“using article method to comment on poems”.However,the methods and contents of“using article method to comment on poems”in the specific practice of poetry criticism have received little attention,and its practical value has rarely been paid attention to.This article takes Fang Dongshu’s comments on Tao Yuanming’s poems in Zhaomei Zhanyan as an example,and conducts the following analysis.In the first point,through the analysis of“article method”,“Yifa”and“poem method”,Fang Dongshu’s“using article method to comment on Tao Yuanming’s poems”mainly adopts the concept of“article method”in ancient literary theory,and at the same time,it chooses the“Yifa”of Tongcheng School while the analysis of“Dao and moral”contained is relatively few.The second point is in terms of analytical features.In terms of the style of selected poems,when Fang Dongshu’s Zhaomai Zhanyan commented on Tao Yuanming’s poems,Wang Shizhen’s Anthology of Ancient Poems was modified.Fang Dongshu selected Tao Yuanming’s pomes from Anthology of Ancient Poems,and did a few time chronology and adjustment of the arrangement order of Tao Yuanming’s poems.In terms of the form of discourse,Zhaomai Zhanyan interprets Tao Yuanming’s poems one by one with comments attached to the original text,showing the characteristics of fragmentation.The third point is in terms of the specific content.Excluding the extensive textual research in Tao Shi Fu Kao,Fang Dongshu’s comments on Tao Yuanming’s poems in Zhaomai Zhanyan are mainly divided into two types:general discussion and specific poem analysis.His overall discussion can be divided into three aspects:creative inspiration,moral model and appreciative comment.His analysis of specific poems reflects the essence of“using article method to comment on Tao Yuanming’s poems”,which is mainly divided into six aspects:title explanation,style,article method,sentence structure,technique of writing,literary form.Finally,this article summarizes the value of“using article method to comment on Tao Yuanming’s poems”in Fang Dongshu’s Zhaomai Zhanyan as follows.Firstly,Fang Dongshu’s comment on Tao Yuanming’s poems from the perspective of Confucian poetry education had its intrinsic meaning.Secondly,the appreciation and poetry creation techniques of Tao Yuanming’s poems were pointed out.Thirdy,Tongcheng School’s article method was transplanted to poetry commentary.
出处
《古代文学理论研究》
2021年第2期724-748,共25页
Studies of Ancient Chinese Literary Theory
关键词
方东树
文法
陶诗
价值
Fang Dongshu
article method
Tao Yuanming’s poems
value
