摘要
本文基于汉日对比语言学的视角,借鉴日语样态存在句的研究经验,探讨了汉语中语序为“NL+V着/了+NP”的存在句表达的多样性。通过对语料的分析,本文发现,同日语样态存在句中动词语义表达呈现出连续性这一特征相似,汉语的动态存在句与静态存在句在语义层面上也具有连续性,其动态或静态特性由动词的功能以及体标记“着/了”共同决定。另外,“NL+V着+NP”与“NL+V了+NP”虽然都符合存在句的语序,但它们在表达存在样态的机制上具有本质区别,即“着”侧重从内部揭示存在的样态,表现动作的持续或结果的持续;而“了”从外部标记动作完成后结果的持续状态。虽然在某些静态存在句中两者可以互换使用,但这种互换仅限于形式层面,语义上并不能实现同等互换。
Base on the perspective of Chinese-Japanese comparative linguistics,drawing upon the research experience of Japanese status existential sentences,this article explores the diversity of expressions in Chinese existential sentences with the word order“NL+Vzhe/le+NP”.Through the analysis of the corpus,it can be found that,similar to the continuity of verb semantics in Japanese status existential sentences,there is semantic continuity between dynamic and static existential sentences in Chinese,and the dynamic or static characteristics are determined by the function of the verb as well as the aspect“zhe’/le”.Although the existential sentences of“V zhe”and“V le”both conform to the word order of existential sentences,they are essentially different in the mechanism of expressing the status of existence,that is,“zhe”focuses on revealing the status of existence from the inside,expressing the continuation of the action or the continuation of the result;while“le”externally marks the continuation of the result after the action is completed.Although“zhe”and“le”can be used interchangeably in some static existential sentences,such interchange is limited to the surface level and do not necessarily preserve semantic equivalence.
出处
《高等日语教育》
2024年第1期156-166,178,共12页
Advanced Japanese Language Education
关键词
存在句
样态存在句
动态
静态
Existential sentences
status existential sentences
dynamic
static
