摘要
炳灵寺作为古代丝绸之路重要的石窟寺壁画文化遗产,其壁画的材料工艺信息是研究丝绸之路壁画发展历史的重要组成部分.本研究针对炳灵寺明代重绘壁画,选取12个代表性洞窟,采用显微镜、X荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱仪(FTIR)等无损或微量样品分析方法对12个代表性洞窟的壁画材料工艺做初步解析.结果表明炳灵寺明代重绘壁画采用了传统的干壁画工艺,以支撑体-地仗-粉层-绘画层为主要组成结构,上寺窟区的部分壁画以土坯墙体为支撑体.地仗有单一层和粗细两层泥质两种形式,粉土含量都较高.值得注意的是炳灵寺上、下寺的壁画地仗样品中物相组分有明显区别,推测其上下寺壁画原料取样地或者其绘制具体年代可能存在不同.使用矿物颜料混合动植物胶类胶结材料绘制壁画,主要显色成分包括朱砂、铅丹及土红(赤铁矿)、黄赭石、氯铜矿、石青颜料,白色以石膏为主,混有方解石、高岭土等伴生矿物.
The Binglingsi Grottoes is an extremely important cultural heritage site for cave temple murals along the ancient Silk Road,and research on the materials and technique of the murals plays an important role in the study of the history of Silk Road art.In this study,the non-destructive analysis methods of microscopes,nondestructive X-ray fluorescence(XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were utilized in order to preliminarily investigate and analyze the murals in twelve different caves of the Binglingsi Grottoes that were repainted during the Ming dynasty.The results show that a secco technique was used,which is characterized by using red aniuge a primary surface,followed by a rendering layer,a grounding layer,and finally additional layers of surface paints.Adobe walls were also used as a primary surface in some murals in the Shangsi area.The rendering layer,with its high content of silt,can be classified into two types:a single layer and two separate layers,one rough and one fine.However,there are obvious differences in the compositions of the samples taken from the Shangsi and Xiasi areas,which makes it reasonable to speculate that the render materials used in these murals either came from different sources or were made during different construction periods.The paint layers were created with mineral pigments mixed with animal and plant glue to serve as a binding mdeium.The pigments in the colored paints include cinnabar,minium,red earth(hematite),yellow ochre,atacamite and azurite,while the white pigments are composed of gypsum mixed with associated minerals such as calcite and kaolin.
作者
李娜
崔强
王卓
赵璇
LI Na;CUI Qiang;WANG Zhuo;ZHAO Xuan(China Academy of Cultural Heritage,Beijing 100029,China;Dunhuang Academy,Dunhuang 736200,China;National Research Center for the Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites,Dunhuang 736200,China;Gansu Mogao Grottoes Cultural Heritage Protection Design Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Dunhuang 736200,China)
出处
《石窟与土遗址保护研究》
2022年第3期52-65,共14页
Research On The Conservation Of Cave Temples And Earthen Sites
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51962001)
甘肃省自然科学基金(20JR5RA053)
陇原青年创新创业人才项目(2020RCXM150)
国家社科基金艺术学西部项目(21EG214)
关键词
炳灵寺
壁画
材料
无损分析
Binglingsi Grottoes
murals
materials
non-destructive analysis
