摘要
美国总体上认为数字贸易壁垒不利于全球数字贸易自由化和数字经济的发展,也限制了美国企业运营数字产品和服务的优势.美国应对数字贸易壁垒的政策取决于国家总体战略、对外贸易关系以及国内职能部门关注重点等因素.美国政府一方面通过双边和多边途径推动数字贸易自由化,积极降低和消除数字贸易壁垒,另一方面通过国内立法和行政措施加强数字贸易保护,设置和提升数字贸易壁垒.一些国家设置和维持数字贸易壁垒,很大程度上是出于对美国政府通过互联网实施网络监控和情报搜集的担忧,进而质疑和排斥美国倡导的数字贸易自由化政策.美国政府力图在推动数字贸易自由化和实行数字贸易保护之间寻求平衡,但其认知和政策矛盾将对全球数字经济的未来发展产生负面影响.
The U.S.generally believes that digital trade barriers are not conducive to the global digital trade liberalization and the development of the digital economy,limiting the advantages of U.S.companies operating digital products and services.The U.S.policy of responding to digital trade barriers depends on factors such as the grand strategy,foreign trade relations and the focus of domestic functional departments.The U.S.government promotes digital trade liberalization through bilateral and multilateral channels,and actively reduces and eliminates digital trade barriers.The U.S.government also strengthens the protection of digital trade through domestic legislation and administrative measures,and sets and upgrades digital trade barriers.The setting and maintenance of digital trade barriers in some countries is largely due to concerns about the U.S.government’s implementation of cyber surveillance and intelligence gathering through the Internet,and then questioning and rejecting the digital trade liberalization policy advocated by the United States.The U.S.government seeks to maintain a balance between promoting digital trade liberalization and implementing digital trade protection,but its cognition and policy conflicts will have a negative impact on the future of the global digital economy.
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中美战略新边疆的互动与博弈”(项目编号:17JJDGJW003)
国家互联网信息办公室委托课题“特朗普政府美国优先网络战略对我国推动网络空间国际合作的影响”的阶段性成果.
关键词
美国
数字贸易壁垒
数字贸易自由化
数字贸易保护
U.S.
Digital Trade Barriers
Digital Trade Liberalization
Digital Trade Protection
