摘要
食管癌是世界范围内第八位常见的癌症,也是中国最普遍的恶性肿瘤之一.尽管诸如手术、放化疗等综合治疗的手段不断进步,但食管癌患者的预后及5年存活率仍然较差.针对食管癌的靶向治疗是通过调控相关信号通路,从而阻止食管癌细胞的增殖和迁移并促进凋亡的一种治疗方法.至今,已发现多种食管癌的分子靶点及相关调控机制,并设计出多种靶向治疗药物,其中有些已在临床实验中取得一定效果.目前针对传统的分子靶点,如人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER-2)、血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)等靶向治疗药物(单克隆抗体和酪氨酸酶抑制剂)在食管癌治疗中已取得临床效果.多种信号通路上的关键激酶,如雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、AXL、C-MET、极光激酶A(AURKA)等作为分子靶点并由此开发出针对食管癌的靶向治疗药物,已取得初步进展.同时,以程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(PD-1)为靶点的食管癌免疫治疗显示出良好前景,相关免疫治疗药物,如派姆单抗等已取得较好的治疗效果.此外,针对食管癌亦发现一些新靶点,如基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)和环氧合酶-2(COX-2)等,可作为食管癌治疗的潜在靶点.
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and one of the most common malignant tumors in China.Despite the continuous improvement in the methods of comprehensive treatment such as surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,the prognosis and five-year survival rate of patients with esophageal cancer remain poor.Targeted therapy for esophageal cancer inhibits the proliferation and migration of esophageal cancer cells and promotes apoptosis by regulating related signaling pathways.Up to now,a variety of molecular targets and related regulatory mechanisms of esophageal cancer have been discovered,and a variety of targeted therapeutic drugs have been designed,some of which have achieved certain effects in clinical trials.At present,targeted molecular therapeutic targets such as HER-2,VEGFR,EGFR and other targeted therapeutic drugs (monoclonal antibodies and tyrosinase inhibitors) have achieved clinical effects in esophageal cancer treatments.Preliminary progress have been made in the study of some key kinases,such as such as mTOR,AXL,C-MET,AURKA,etc,in various signaling pathways,and the development of the relevant targeted therapeutic agents for esophageal cancer.Meanwhile,esophageal cancer immunotherapy targeting PD-1 shows good prospects,and the immunotherapy drugs,such as Pembrolizumab,have achieved good therapeutic effects.Additionally,new targets for esophageal cancer,such as MMP-9 and COX-2,have been found to be potential targets for esophageal cancer treatments.
作者
刘向明
马明全
Liu Xiangming;Ma Mingquan(Department of Esophageal,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute&Hospital,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Tianjin 300060,China)
出处
《国际生物医学工程杂志》
CAS
2018年第6期549-555,共7页
International Journal of Biomedical Engineering
关键词
食管癌
分子靶点
靶向治疗
信号通路
Esophageal cancer
Molecular targets
Targeted therapy
Signaling pathways
