摘要
目的调查陕西省燃煤型氟中毒病区改灶防氟效果。方法于2001—2005年,选择陕南紫阳县某病区村2001年底前完成改灶的近170户居民,调查318人次8～12岁儿童氟斑牙,并随机采集253件次即时尿样测定尿氟含量;调查16岁以上居民氟骨症患病情况;每年随机抽取5户居民,连续采样3d,检测空气中氟浓度;每年随机采集玉米和辣椒样品各20或21件,检测氟含量。结果2001—2004年儿童氟斑牙患病率从87.93%降至64.79%,氟斑牙指数也逐年下降。2001—2005年儿童尿氟含量呈波动式下降,从4.03mg/L降至2.50mg/L。成人氟骨症患病率在17.95%～21.97%之间。5年间室内空气氟浓度明显高于国家标准,2004、2005年室内空气氟日平均浓度(分别为0.0528和0.0337mg/m3)低于2001年(0.1080mg/m3),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2001—2005年辣椒氟含量呈波动式下降,从251.40mg/kg降至48.13mg/kg,玉米氟含量为2.06～4.06mg/kg。结论该病区村仍是燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒的流行区。改灶在控制燃煤污染型氟中毒流行中取得了一定的成效,应继续加强健康教育和炉灶管理工作。
Objective To observe the effect and the influential factors of stoves improving in controlling fluorosis in the coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas. Methods Among the households whose stoves had been improved by 2001 and the improved ones were in use during the whole monitor, the dental fluorosis in children aged 8-12 years (n=318) and the skeletal fluorosis in adults older than 16 years were examined and the fluoride concentration in the indoor air, the corn, chili and the urine of children (n=253) was determined respectively. Results The dental fluorosis rates were 64.79%-87.93%, the skeletal fluorosis rate were 17.95%-21.97%, the fluoride levels in the urine were 2.50-4.03 mg/L, in the indoor air per day were 0.033 7-0.175 3 mg/m3, in chili and corn were 48.13-251.40 mg/kg, 2.06-4.06 mg/kg respectively. The dental fluorosis rate and the index went down significantly year by year from 2001 to 2004. The fluoride content in the chili and the children’s urine decreased in varying degrees from 2001 to 2005. The fluoride levels in the indoor air in 2004 and 2005 were significantly lower than that in 2001 respectively. Conclusion Coal-burning endemic fluorosis is still prevailing in this village. Stoves improving is an effective measure to prevent endemic fluorosis caused by coal-burning.
出处
《环境与健康杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第12期973-975,共3页
Journal of Environment and Health
