1[12]Brockopp D,Warden S,Colclough G,et al.Elderly people's knowledge of and attitudes to pain management.British Journal of Nursing,1996,5(9):556-562.
2[13]Weiner D,Peterson B,Ladd K,et al.Pain in nursing home residents:an exploration of prevalence,staff perspectives and practical aspects of measurement.Clinical Journal of Pain,1999a,15(2):92-101.
3[14]Horgas AL,Dunn K.Pain in nursing home residents:comparison of residents' self-report and nursing assistants' perceptions.Journal of Gerontological Nursing,2001,27(3):44-53.
4[15]Weiner D,Peterson B,Keefe F.Chronic pain-associated behaviours in the nursing home:resident versus caregiver perceptions.Pain,1999b,80(3):577-588.
5[16]Herr K,Garand L.Assessment and measurement of pain in older adults.Clinics in Geriatric Medicine,2001,17(3):457-478.
6[17]Loeb J.Pain management in long-term care.American Journal of Nursing,1999,99(2):48-52.
7[18]Herr K.Chronic pain:challenges and assessment strategies.Journal of Gerontological Nursing,2002,28(1):20-27.
8[19]Kamel HK,Phlavan M,Malekgoudarzi B,et al.Utilising pain assessment scales increases the frequency of diagnosing pain among elderly nursing home residents.Journal of Pain and Symptom Management,2001,21(6):450-455.
9[20]Morgan JP.American opiophobia:customary under-utilization of opioid analgesics.Advances in Alcohol Substance Abuse,1985,5(1-2):163-173.
10[21]Lander J.Fallacies and phobias about addiction and pain.British Journal of Addiction,1990,85(6):803-809.
