摘要
目的了解不同地区老年这一特殊人群中乙肝病毒、梅毒和艾滋病病毒的感染情况,以便在口岸对高龄人群提供相关疾病的旅行保健咨询,保护老年健康。方法运用血清流行病学方法,对1999-2002年间到湖北保健中心办理出入境和涉外婚前检查的三类人群中60岁以上老年人的乙肝表面抗原、梅毒螺旋体抗体、艾滋病病毒抗体监测资料按年龄、地区、职业进行统计、比较、分析。结果在981人中共检出乙肝病毒感染者47人,感染率为4.79%;梅毒感染者17人,感染率为1.73%;艾滋病病毒感染者2人,感染率为0.2%;总的感染人数66人,总感染率为6.73%。感染者的年龄分布:60-69岁组41人,感染率为4.18%;70-79岁组22人,感染率为2.24%;80岁以上3人,感染率为0.30%。感染者的地区分布:乙肝病毒感染香港高于其它三地;梅毒感染台湾高于其它三地;艾滋病病毒感染香港高于台湾。从总的感染率来看,香港最高(10.14%),明显高于其它地区,差异显著(X^2=9.70,P<0.05)。感染者的职业分布:内地乙肝病毒感染以海员最高(28.57%),各职业间差异非常显著(X^2=21.16,P<0.01)。香港以退休或退伍人员的较高(11.11%),台湾以工、农、个体的较高(11.76%),但两地各职业间的差异不显著(X^2分别为1.06、3.95,P>0.05)。艾滋病病毒感染,港、台各1例。结论部分老年人(感染者)仍有传播肝炎、性病、艾滋病的危险,提示在出入境传染病监测中不能忽视老年人群,尤其要加强港台老年人的传染病监测,并为他们提供卫生宣传和健康咨询,增强老年旅行者的自我防护意识,提高健康水平。
Object To study the status infected with HbsAg, syphilis and HIV of the elderly people at the different regions, to provide related traveling consultation for their health. Methods By serologic epidemiology according to ages, regions and occupations to statistic, compare and analyze surveillance data of communicable diseases on HBsAg, syphilis and HIV of elderly people over 60 years old who handle entry, exit and foreign marrige from 1999 to 2002. Results 66 positive specimens were found from 981 specimens. The total infected rate was 6.73%, among which the infected rate of HBsAg. syphilis and HIV were 4.79% (47/981). 1.73% (17/981) and 0.2% (2/ 981) respectively. The age groups distribution of infected persons were as follows: 41 cases (4.18% 41/981) were 60-69 years old, 22 cases (2.24% 22/981) were 70-79 years old, 3 cases (0.3% 3/981) were over 80 years old. The regions distribution of infected persons were that the total infected rate at Hongkong was highest, according to the statistic analysis, the difference was significant (X^2 = 9.70, P<0.05).The occu- pation distribution of HBsAg infected persons were that the difference of occupations was obvious significant (X^2 =21.16, P<0.01). Two cases infected with HIV, one was public security man who was 60 years old at Hongkong, the other was retire who was 73 years old at Taiwan. Conclusions The results showed that elderly people were not neglected in surveillance of communicable diseases at entry-exit and concerning foreign marriage. Especially to those who come from Hongkong and Taiwan. We should provide the consultation about travel and health protection, to increase their health level.
