摘要
森林和水是人类生存与发展的重要物质基础 ,也是森林生态系统的重要组成成分 ,森林与水之间的关系是当今林学和生态学领域研究的核心问题。基于国外近 30年来森林水文学的研究成果 ,简要地介绍了森林水文学的概念、研究进展和实际应用 ,分析了森林与水相互作用的特点 ,并从森林对降水、径流、蒸发散、泥沙输出、水质和产水量的影响等方面综合评述了最新研究进展。从国外的研究成果来看 ,森林植被在涵养水源、调节水量、减少径流泥沙、延缓径流回流速率、降低洪峰、增加枯水期流量、改善水质等方面具有重要功能。但是森林植被变化对某一区域降水的影响并不明显 ,而且增加森林覆盖率可以减少流域产水量。由于环境异质性的存在 ,森林的水文作用在具有不同特征条件的水文生态区有很大差别。迄今对森林水文效应的研究规模多局限在小尺度 ,要把一个地区小尺度的研究成果可靠地应用于大尺度的其他流域 。
Forests and Water are the most fundamental condition for the life and development of human being, and important composition of forest ecosystem. The relation between forest and water is key problem of today research in forestry and ecology. Based on the research literatures from abroad in last 30 years, this paper introduced the concept, development and application of forest hydrology. The relation between forests and water are analyzed. The new research progress in the effect of forest on rainfall, annual runoff, evapotranspiration, sediment output and water quality was summarized. The main issues show that the most function of forest vegetation aims at protecting water resources and water environment, adjusting water amount, controlling erosion, conserving water, decreasing run off silt, postponing flow converge, decreasing maximum flow as well as increasing discharge of river in dry season and purifying water quality. Forest vegetation changes influencing rainfall in a region is not clear, but the annual water yield increase following the cut down of the forest was generally observed at the worldwide scale. However, the hydrological effects very greatly among different hydrological regions with specific conditions because of the widespread environmental heterogeneity. In order to extrapolate confidently the results from one area to another, more research is needed to understand the mechanisms of hydrologic cycle.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第5期60-64,75,共6页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目
关键词
森林
森林水文学
forests
forest hydrology
