1Sin DD, McAlister FA, Man SF, et al. Contemporary management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : scientific review [ J ]. JAMA ,2003,290:2301 - 2312.
2Celli BR, MacNee W, Agusti A,et al. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD:a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper[J]. Eur Respir J,2004,23:932 -946.
3Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: executive summary ( updated 2004 )[ EB/OL]. [2004 - 11 -01 ]. http://www, goldcopd, com.
4O'Donnell DE. Assessment of bronchodilator efficacy in symptomatic COPD : is spirometry useful? [ J ]. Chest,2000,117:42S - 47S.
5Pellegrino R, Rodarte JR, Brusasco V. Assessing the reversibility of airway obstruction [ J ]. Chest, 1998,114 : 1607 - 1612.
6Taube C, Lehnigk B, Paasch K ,et al. Factor analysis of changes in dyspnea and lung function parameters after bronchodilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ J ]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med ,2000,162:216 - 220.
7Koumis T, Samuel S. Tiotropium bromide : a new long-acting bronchodilator for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ J ]. Clin Ther,2005,27 : 377 - 392.
