1[1]Goldthwait JE. The lumbosacral articulation: An explanation of many cases of "lumbo", "sciatica" and paraplegia[J]. Boston Med Surg J , 1811, 164: 365-372
2[2]Ghormley RK. Low back pain with special reference to the arti-cular facets, with presentation of an operative procedure[J]. JAMA 1933, 101: 1773-1777
3[3]Badgley CE. The articular facets in relation to low-back pain and sciatic radiation[J]. J Bone Joint Surg, 1941, 23: 481-496
4[4]Lewin T. Osteoarthritis in lumbar synovial joints: A morphological study[J]. Acta Orthop Scand , 1964, 73: 1-112
5[5]Berven S, Tay BB, Colman W, et al. The lumbar zygapophysial (facet) joints: A role in the pathogenesis of spinal pain syndromes and degenerative spondylolisthesis[J]. Semin Neurol, 2002, 22: 187-196
6[6]Fujiwara A, Lim TH, An HS, et al. The effect of disc degenerat-ion and facet joint osteoarthritis on the segmental flexibility of the lumbar spine[J]. Spine, 2000, 25: 3036-3044
7[7]Taylor JR, Twomey LT. Age changes in lumbar zygapophysial joints. Observations on structure and function[J]. Spine,1986, 11: 739-745
8[8]Hayes KW. Differential muscle strength decline in osteoarthritis of knee. A developing hypothesis[J]. Arthritis Care Res,1992, 5: 24-29
9[9]Nachemson A, Schultz AB, Berkson MH. Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments. Part Ⅱ: Influence of age, sex, disc level, and degeneration[J]. Spine, 1979, 4: 1-4
10[10]King AI, Prasad P, Ewing CL. Mechanism of spinal injury due to caudocephalad acceleration[J]. Orthop Clin North Am, 1975, 6: 19-31
7Sehgal N,Shah RV,McKenzie-Brown AM,et al.Diagnostic utility of facet(zygapophysial) joint injections in chronic spinal pain:a systematic review of evidence[J].Pain Physician,2005,8:211-212.
8King AI,Prasad P,Ewing CL.Mechanism of spinal injury due to caudocephalad acceleration[J].Orthop Clin North Am,1975,6:19-31.
9Lewin T.Osteoarthritis in lumbar synovial joints:a morphological study[J].Acta Orthop Scand,1964,73:1-112.
10Fujiwara A,Lim TH,An HS,et al.The effect of disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis on the segmental flexibility of the lumbar spine[J].Spine,2000,25:3036-3044.
