摘要
借鉴美国旧金山湾和香港地区的经验,提出了地质灾害监测预警试验区建设和研究思路。经过近两年的工作,初步建成了四川雅安地质灾害监测预警试验区。取得的阶段性成果主要有:(1)根据现场考察和试验区地质灾害数据库,统计研究了降雨型滑坡的几何特征;(2)建成了由20台遥测雨量计构成的降雨观测网,取得了2002年4月～2003年8月的降雨观测数据;(3)结合历史降雨资料分析,初步研究了雅安试验区的年、日、小时和十分钟最大降雨特征;(4)研制了斜坡岩土体含水量野外监测仪,取得了桑树坡试验点2003年4月～8月的实时监测数据;(5)自上而下分4层研究了斜坡岩土层含水量变化,发现了岩土层含水量变化对降雨过程的滞后性;(6)基于区域地质灾害评价预警的递进分析理论与方法(AMFP),利用地质灾害因子分析结果,分别计算了雅安试验区地质灾害"发育度"和"潜势度";(7)利用2003年8月23～25日的过程降雨观测资料,对雅安试验区在该降雨过程中发生的地质灾害事件进行了时空预警反演模拟研究,计算出的地质灾害"危险度"分布比较符合实际,"危险度"可以作为预警指数使用。
It is put forward that a thought is to construct and research a test field for early warning of geo-hazards by monitoring, using for reference from the early warning field about landslide-debris flows in San Francisco gulf of America and Hong Kong in China. Ya'an test field in Sichuan Province for the early warning has been built for two years since 2002. A series of harvest have been obtained which consists:(1)statistic geometric features of landslide based on field investigation and geo-hazard database; (2)installing of twenty telemetering ombrometers to constitute observation network and gaining of rainfall data from April 1 in 2002 to August 31 in 2003; (3)studying on the characteristics of maximum rainfalls for one year, one day, one hour and ten minutes in 1979 and from 1991 to 2001 using of historical data; (4) developing an instrument to monitor moisture content change in rock-soil mass of slope for raining process and get real time data of Sangshupo monitoring station in Ya'an test field from April 11 to September 19 in 2003; (5)studying moisture content change in four layers of rock-soil mass from top to bottom and finding the hysteresis property responding to raining process;(6)based on 'analysis method by four parameters' forward step by step for short AMFP, calculating regional geo-hazards 'distribution parameter' and 'potentiality parameter' of Ya'an test field about 1067km^2 using unit in 1.0km×1.0km of every grid which uses factor analysis results and digital terrain map in scale 1∶100?000 on the GIS;(7)calculating 'dangerous parameter' of geo-hazards in Ya'an test field by to utilize real time rainfall (August 23～25, 2003) and gaining an acceptable result to answer the landslide happening in fact. So, 'dangerous parameter' of geo-hazards would be as an index for early warning in a region.
出处
《水文地质工程地质》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第4期20-30,共11页
Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology
基金
中国国土资源大调查计划地质灾害预警工程项目(200116000004)
关键词
地质灾害
监测预警
降雨观测站网
含水量监测仪
预警指数
geo-hazards
early warning by monitoring
rainfall stations
real time moisture monitoring instrument
early warning index
