摘要
美国是世界上页岩气勘探开发最为成功的国家,受水平井技术及压裂技术的推动,自2006年以来发展迅猛。当前美国页岩气勘探开发工作量投入大幅增长,2009年页岩气井数量达到98590口,比2006年增长了1倍多;页岩气产量快速攀升,2010年达到1378×108m3,是2005年的7倍;后续资源潜力大,2009年证实储量达到17162.2×108m3,比上年增长76%。美国页岩气的成功开发,对美国和全球产生了深刻影响,降低了美国能源对外依存度,抑制了天然气价格,降低了二氧化碳排放,并在一定程度上引发全球"页岩气热"。美国页岩气产量激增使美国国内和北美地区的天然气价格大幅降低,但并未对世界其他地区的天然气价格产生实质性冲击,这对页岩气开采是非常有利的。中美两国在发展过程中具有一定的相似性,美国在发展页岩气产业方面的政策激励、技术进步、专业化分工与协作、加强环境监管等经验值得中国借鉴。中国当前应出台页岩气产业发展规划和鼓励页岩气产业发展的财税政策;加快发展页岩气勘探开发技术,形成社会力量广泛参与的科研创新体系;加快天然气价格改革步伐,改善天然气与其他能源不合理的比价关系;加大开放力度,大力吸引外资,推动国内石油公司与外资企业的深层次合作。
The United States of America has achieved the greatest success,among all nations,in the exploration and development of shale gas.Since 2006,benefiting from the use of horizontal well and fracturing technologies,the American shale gas production has been growing dramatically.As the USA strengthens its exploration and development of shale gas,the number of shale gas wells in the country grew to 98590 in 2009,more than doubling that in 2006.In the same period,the country′s shale gas production rose rapidly,to 1378×108m3 in 2010,which were 7 times that in 2005.The proved shale gas reserves in the USA in 2009 were 17162.2×108m3,up 76% from the previous year,demonstrating a great potential for sustained growth of shale gas production.The USA′s success in developing shale gas has had profound influence on both the USA itself and other nations.It reduced the USA′s dependence on energy imports,stemmed the rise in natural gas(NG)prices,helped reduce the emissions of CO2,and in some extent enkindled global enthusiasm for shale gas.The surge in shale gas production in the USA has led to a sharp fall in NG prices in the country and North America although the rest of the world has not yet felt the influence.This is good to shale gas production.The USA and PRC share some similarities on their respective paths of growth.China can learn from some of the USA′s successful experience such as policy incentives,technological advances,division of labor and inter-discipline collaboration and enhanced environmental monitoring.At present China should put forward shale gas development plans as well as fiscal policies to boost the growth of the shale gas industry.China should also speed up the development of shale gas exploration and production technology and establish a scientific research and innovation system involving multi-discipline participation.Moreover China ought to accelerate the reform in its NG pricing system to optimize the price relations between NG and other energy sources,and open wider to outside competition to attract foreign capital and promote the cooperation between domestic oil companies and foreign enterprises.
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2012年第1期23-28,共6页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
页岩气
美国
勘探开发
天然气价格
技术进步
政策激励
发展规划
shale gas
USA
exploration and development
NG price,technological advance
policy incentive
developing planning
