摘要
目的 综述美军飞行疲劳管理相关规章制度和措施,通过分析其经验与做法,阐述对我军飞行疲劳研究和规章制度建设启示. 资料来源与选择 美国陆、海、空三军飞行指令或条例以及国内外该领域相关文献. 资料引用 4份美国陆、海、空三军飞行指令或条例,2部专著,28篇文献. 资料综合 介绍了美国陆、海、空三军飞行指令或条例中有关飞行时限、值勤时间、休息与睡眠要求、空中疲劳对抗措施、兴奋及催眠药物使用等飞行疲劳管理措施和相关规章制度,分析了美军对飞行疲劳规章制度重要性和管理措施多样性的认识及对我军的启示,简要回顾了我军飞行疲劳相关研究工作. 结论 美军非常重视飞行疲劳管理规章制度建设,将其作为飞行条例条令的必要内容强制执行.各项管理规章制度职责明确、要求具体、操作性强.美军飞行疲劳对抗措施相关研究工作贴近实战、针对性强,为制定相关政策措施奠定了坚实基础.飞行疲劳已经成为威胁飞行安全的重要因素,我军应将飞行疲劳危险管理纳入相关规章制度.
Objective To conclude experiences and practices on flight management by reviewing the U.S.military policies and regulations and to suggest to the flight fatigue research and the construction of rules or regulations in China.Literature resource and selection U.S.Army,Navy and Air Force flight instructions or regulations and reviews published in China and abroad.Literature quotation Four flying instructions or regulations of U.S.armies,two monographs and twenty-eight papers were cited.Literature synthesis The flight fatigue management regulations and policies implemented by the U.S.armies,including flight time limitations,duty periods,crew rest and sleep requirements,in-flight countermeasures and use of stimulants or hypnotics were introduced.The recognition of the importance of the flight fatigue management rules and regulations and diversity of management measures for U.S.armies were analyzed.The relevant studies on flight fatigue in Chinese armies were briefly reviewed.Suggestions were proposed for flight fatigue research and rules or regulations construction for Chinese armies.Conclusions The U.S.armies attach great importance on the construction of flight fatigue management rules and regulations,and take them as the compulsory execution contents in flight regulations.The management rules and regulations are responsibility specified,requirements reified and operation emphasized.The research work of U.S.armies on the flight figure countermeasures is close to real combat and well-targeted.It lays a solid foundation for making polices.Since flight fatigue has seriously threatened to aviation safety,Chinese armies should integrate flight fatigue risk management into relevant rules and regulations.
出处
《中华航空航天医学杂志》
CSCD
2012年第4期306-312,共7页
Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine
