摘要
本试验旨在研究饲喂方式和饲粮色氨酸水平对扬州鹅免疫功能及抗氧化指标的影响。选用270只21日龄的扬州鹅,随机分成6组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只鹅,试验期42 d。采用2×3二因子试验设计,2种饲喂方式(自由采食和限制饲喂)和低、中、高3个饲粮色氨酸水平(0.14%,0.22%和0.30%)。结果表明:1)自由采食组鹅平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)显著高于限制饲喂组(P<0.05),而饲喂方式对料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P>0.05)。与低、高色氨酸水平组相比,中色氨酸水平组扬州鹅ADFI和ADG显著增加(P<0.05),饲喂方式和色氨酸水平对扬州鹅ADFI和ADG有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。2)饲喂方式对扬州鹅脾脏指数、胸腺指数和法氏囊指数无显著影响(P>0.05);与低色氨酸水平组相比,高色氨酸水平组的扬州鹅脾脏指数显著增加(P<0.05),饲粮色氨酸水平对胸腺指数、法氏囊指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)中、高色氨酸水平组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)较低色氨酸水平组显著增加(P<0.05),高色氨酸水平组血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量较低色氨酸水平组显著增加(P<0.05),饲粮色氨酸水平对血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)低色氨酸水平组扬州鹅脾脏组织的淋巴细胞明显变形,核染色质浓缩密集,线粒体肿胀模糊,嵴出现透亮区、空泡化,粗面内质网脱颗粒明显、排列紊乱,呈现出细胞凋亡的典型变化。由此可知,饲粮中添加适量的色氨酸能够提高扬州鹅生长性能。色氨酸缺乏可引起扬州鹅淋巴细胞凋亡,而饲粮中适当补充色氨酸可改善这一状况,促进脾脏的发育,增强动物机体的抗氧化能力和体液免疫能力。
The objective of this study was investigate the effects of feeding regimen and dietary tryptophan level on immune function and antioxidant indices of Yangzhou geese.A total of 270 21-day-old Yangzhou geese were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 15 geese per replicate.The experiment lasted for 42 days.A 2×3 factorial design was adopted in this experiment,including two feeding regimen(ad libitum and feed restriction) and three dietary tryptophan levels(0.14%,0.22% and 0.30%).The results showed as follows: 1) average daily feed intake(ADFI) and average daily gain(ADG) of geese in ad libitum group were significantly higher than those in feed restriction group(P<0.05),but feeding regimen had no significant effect on feed to gain ratio(P>0.05).Significant interaction was found between feeding regimen and tryptophan level in the ADFI and ADG of Yangzhou geese(P<0.05).2) Feeding regimen had no significant effect on spleen index,thymus index and bursa of Fabricius index(P>0.05).Compared with low tryptophan level group,the spleen index of geese in high tryptophan level group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and dietary tryptophan level had no significant effect on thymus index and bursa of Fabricius index(P>0.05).3) The serum immunoglobulin G(IgG) content,superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) in middle and high tryptophan level groups were significantly higher than those in low tryptophan level group(P<0.05),and serum immunoglobulin M(IgM) in high tryptophan level group was significantly higher than that in low tryptophan level group(P<0.05),but dietary tryptophan level had no significant effect on serum immunoglobulin A(IgA) and malonaldehyde(MDA) contents and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity(P>0.05).4) Typical apoptosis was found in splenic lymphocyte of geese in low tryptophan level group by electron microscope,including cell deformation,nuclear chromatin condensation and coarctation,mitochondrial swelled and obscured,the appearance of bright area and cavitation in cristae,obvious degranulation and disorder of rough endoplasmic reticulum.In conclusion,adequate supplementation of tryptophan in basal diet can increase growth performance of geese.Geese fed diets with low tryptophan level lead to apoptosis of splenic lymphocyte,while tryptophan supplementation can ameliorate this circumstance,promote the development of the spleen,and improve the capacity of total antioxidant and humoral immunity.
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第12期2356-2365,共10页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目资助
关键词
色氨酸水平
饲喂方式
免疫
抗氧化
dietary tryptophan level
feeding regimen
immunity
antioxidant
