摘要
本试验以三氧化二钇(Y2O3)为指示剂,由70%的基础饲料和30%的待测原料组成试验饲料,旨在研究凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)对13种动物性饲料原料的营养物质表观消化率。13种动物性饲料原料分别为:白鱼粉(俄罗斯)、低温蒸汽红鱼粉(秘鲁)、国产直火干燥鱼粉、进口直火干燥鱼粉(秘鲁)、下杂鱼粉、血球蛋白粉、烘干血粉、鸡肉粉、肉骨粉、肉粉、酵解羽毛粉、水解羽毛粉和全虾粉。选取初始均重为(13.0±0.1)g的凡纳滨对虾1 260尾,随机分为14组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾虾。各组对虾分别投喂相应试验饲料1周后,采用虹吸法收粪,测定干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总能、总磷和氨基酸的表观消化率。结果表明:13种饲料原料的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总能、总磷和氨基酸的表观消化率范围分别为58.11%～76.91%、64.17%～93.57%、52.44%～95.62%、43.00%～95.21%、39.11%～76.47%和63.48%～94.06%。各饲料原料的氨基酸表观消化率与粗蛋白质表观消化率变化趋势基本一致。白鱼粉、低温蒸汽红鱼粉和进口直火干燥鱼粉的粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于其他各饲料原料(P<0.05);酵解羽毛粉、水解羽毛粉和烘干血粉的粗脂肪表观消化率显著低于其他各饲料原料(P<0.05);白鱼粉和进口直火干燥鱼粉的总能表观消化率显著高于其他各饲料原料(P<0.05);白鱼粉、低温蒸汽红鱼粉、国产直火干燥鱼粉和进口直火干燥鱼粉的总磷表观消化率显著高于血球蛋白粉和烘干血粉(P<0.05)。13种动物性饲料原料中白鱼粉的干物质、总能和总磷的表观消化率最高,水解羽毛粉的干物质、粗蛋白质和总能的表观消化率最低,烘干血粉的粗脂肪和总磷的表观消化率最低。由此可见,不同来源和品质的鱼粉的营养物质表观消化率不同;鸡肉粉、肉骨粉、肉粉和全虾粉可作为凡纳滨对虾的优质蛋白质源,在实际生产中可部分替代鱼粉;羽毛粉和血粉由于所采用的加工工艺不同,其营养物质组成有所不同,导致表观消化率有一定的差异,在配制饲料前需对其进行营养价值的评定。
Apparent digestibility of nutrients in thirteen animal feed ingredients was determined for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in this experiment.The thirteen animal feed ingredients included white fish meal(Russia),low-temperature steam dried brown fish meal(Peru),domestic flame dried fish meal,imported flame dried fish meal(Peru),miscellaneous fish meal,spray-dried blood cells,drying blood meal,chicken meal,meat and bone meal,meat meal,fermented feather meal,hydrolyzed feather meal,and shrimp meal.Trial diets used with yttrium oxide(Y2O3) as an indicator,and consisted of 70% basal diet and 30% test ingredients.One thousand two hundred and sixty shrimp with an initial average body weight of(13.0±0.1) g were randomly divided into 14 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 shrimp per replicate.After one week feeding with trial diets,the fecal samples were collected by siphon,then the apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,crude lipid,gross energy,total phosphorous and amino acids was determined.The results showed as follows: apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,crude lipid,gross energy,total phosphorous and amino acids in thirteen animal feed ingredients were 58.11% to 76.91%,64.17% to 93.57%,52.44% to 95.62%,43.00% to 95.21%,39.11% to 76.47%,and 63.48% to 94.06%,respectively.The apparent digestibility of amino acids had a positive correlation with apparent digestibility of crude protein for feed ingredients.The apparent digestibility of crude protein in white fish meal,low-temperature steam dried brown fish meal and imported flame dried fish meal was significant higher than that in other feed ingredients(P<0.05);the apparent digestibility of crude lipid in fermented feather meal,hydrolyzed feather meal and drying blood meal was significantly lower than that in other feed ingredients(P<0.05);the apparent digestibility of gross energy in white fish meal and imported flame dried fish meal was significantly higher than that in other feed ingredients(P<0.05);the apparent digestibility of total phosphorus in white fish meal,low-temperature steam dried brown fish meal,domestic flame dried fish meal and imported flame dried fish meal was significantly higher than that in spray-dried blood cells and drying blood meal(P<0.05).In the thirteen feed ingredients,the highest apparent digestibility of dry matter,gross energy and total phosphorus was found in white fish meal;the lowest apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein and gross energy was found in hydrolyzed feather meal;the lowest apparent digestibility of crude lipid was found in drying blood meal.In conclusion,different sources and qualities of fish meal lead to different apparent digestibility of nutrients.The chicken meal,meat and bone meal,meat meal and shrimp meal were high quality protein sources for L.vannamei,and they can be used to instead of part of fish meal in actual feed production.While,because of the different produce processes of feather meal and blood meal,the nutrient composition is different among the products,and that lead to the different apparent digestibility.So,the nutrient composition of these feed ingredients should be evaluated before formulating diets.
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第12期2402-2414,共9页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
农业公益性行业科研专项--水产养殖动物营养需求与高效配合饲料开发(201003020)
广东省高等学校珠江学者特聘教授基金(GDUPS-2011)
关键词
凡纳滨对虾
饲料原料
营养物质
表观消化率
white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
feed ingredient
nutrient
apparent digestibility
